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Chang, Pei-Fen; Lin, Miao-Chen – Journal of Further and Higher Education, 2015
This study investigates problem-solving difficulties of novices in a classroom setting, using a German instructional tool, the Fischertechnik kit of approximately 400 parts. In order to analyse the students' thinking processes as they solved the problems, verbal protocol analysis (VPA) was used to record the students'' thinking processes and…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Novices, Student Characteristics, Student Behavior
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Crippen, Kent J.; Sangueza, Cheryl R. – School Science and Mathematics, 2013
Validating and generalizing from holistic observation protocols of classroom practice have proven difficult. These tools miss crucial classroom characteristics, like the type of instruction, the organization of learners, and the level of cognitive engagement that occur differentially in the time span of a lesson. As a result, this study examined…
Descriptors: Interaction Process Analysis, Classroom Environment, Professional Development, Secondary School Teachers