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Vinson, Larry; Johnson, Craig – Communication Reports, 1989
Compares readers' and listeners' perceptions of powerless language features. Examines whether oral versions of powerless messages generate higher credibility ratings than written versions. Finds that subjects note more hesitations in writing but more hedges on tape, and that placing powerless speech in the written transcript reduces…
Descriptors: Communication Research, Communication Skills, Comparative Analysis, Credibility