People navigate in various types of spaces, including indoor and outdoor environments. These differ in availability of navigational cues, such as distal landmarks, clear boundaries, and regular grid structures. Does learning the layout of different types of environments rely on the same or diverse cognitive abilities? Do separate measures of…

The training of hostel service skills emphasizes the application of procedural knowledge and complex problem-solving skills, and with the development of education technology, game-based learning that mixes virtual reality (VR) and physical games has begun to be emphasized. In this study, we proposed a multi-dimensional scaffolding design framework…

Background: Augmented reality (AR) is receiving increasing interest as a tool to create an interactive and motivating learning environment. Yet, it is unclear how instructional support affects performance in AR. Objectives: This study sought to explore how varying the instructional support in AR can affect performance-related behaviours of…

A Study with undergraduate engineering students was conducted in order to evaluate whether cognitive and comprehending ability can be improved by incorporating the tool based learning. The simulator tools and virtual labs were used to represent tool based learning. The study was conducted on three different years of students. In the first stage…

Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly recognized as a promising tool to enhance learning, yet research on the use of VR instructional approaches for online learning remains limited. The present study aims to address this research gap by examining the effects of VR instructional approaches and textual cues on learning. We conducted an educational VR…

Learning basic programming concepts in computer science-related fields poses a challenge for students, to the extent that it becomes an academic-social problem, resulting in high failure and dropout rates. Proposed solutions to the problem can be found in the literature, such as the development of new programming languages and environments, the…

Background: Virtual reality (VR) is considered a promising approach to support learning. An instructional design is essential to optimize cognitive processes. Studies show that VR has unique instructional and pedagogical requirements. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of the modality principle, which was previously…

Myriad research in a variety of contexts shows spatial skills benefit students; however, they are not given enough attention in classroom instruction. In this review we systematically explore geoscience education literature focusing on spatial interventions to answer research questions on trends in spatial skills and other characteristics. We…

When Virtual Reality (VR) is used to present learning content, the three-dimensional image is often not sufficient and additional text is required, either in the form of visual or auditory text. Such additional instructional text could be particularly beneficial due to the many visual stimuli and the risk of visual working memory overload.…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of augmented reality (AR) using a 3D app in a smartphone on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in teaching angle measurement error to vocational high school students with different spatial ability. A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest was employed. There were 197 students from…

With the recent advancements in digital technologies, the design studios are transformed to virtual environments that offer both to design students and instructors a broader perspective in understanding the design process. As an integral part of design process, the supporting virtual tools enhance creativity in basic design studios. This study…

The problem of cognitive overload is particularly pertinent in multimedia L2 classroom corrective feedback (CF), which involves rich communicative tools to help the class to notice the mismatch between the target input and learners' pronunciation. Based on multimedia design principles, this study developed a new multimodal CF model through…

The aim of this research was to examine the effect of Augmented Reality (AR) supported geometry teaching on students' 3D thinking skills. This research consisted of 3 steps: (1) developing a 3D thinking ability scale, (ii) design and development of an AR Geometry Tutorial System (ARGTS) and (iii) implementation and assessment of geometry teaching…

Learning with hands-on experiments can be supported by providing essential information virtually during lab work. Augmented reality (AR) appears especially suitable for presenting information during experimentation, as it can be used to integrate both physical and virtual lab work. Virtual information can be displayed in close spatial proximity to…

This article introduces a simulation, Marketplace Live, and compares students' simulation performance with their course performance. The sample is drawn from 13 sections of the author's Marketing Concepts (Principles of Marketing) course. The results support the idea that marketing simulations do contribute to learning marketing concepts. Evidence…