Objective: Focusing on body functionality -- what the body can do -- may benefit women's body image. This pilot study examined the effects of focusing on body functionality appreciation during an audio-guided mirror gazing task (F-MGT). Participants: 101 college women, M(SD)[subscript AGE] = 19.49(1.31), were alternately assigned to F-MGT or a…

Studies assessing sex/gender differences in autism spectrum conditions often fail to include typically developing control groups. It is, therefore, unclear whether observed sex/gender differences reflect those found in the general population or are particular to autism spectrum conditions. A systematic search identified articles comparing…

A 31-item questionnaire was given to 199 students, 20 of whom were found to have histories of previous suicide attempts. Results support the necessity of a distinction between groups within a nonsuicidal comparison population and that a quantitative relationship between frequency of suicidal thought and likelihood of attempted suicide exists.…

Compared nocturnal sleep structure of 10 healthy elderly nuns to that of 10 healthy age-matched female controls. The nuns fell asleep more quickly and had less early morning awakening, as well as greater rapid eye movement sleep time. These differences may reflect the more highly entrained life style of the nuns, including modest habitual sleep…

The Type A construct, which consists of such psychological components as a sense of time urgency, competitive aggressiveness, and easily aroused hostility wich are manifested under appropriately challenging circumstances, has been studied to a great extent in adult white males. There is less research, however, on how these characteristics are…

Certain characteristics of a Taylor (1965) competitive reaction time task contribute to a lack of awareness of contingencies that exist between two aggressors. The opponent's contingent response to the subject's specific shock setting may be obscured by the reaction time competition, thus concealing the matching contingency. Nine separate steps…

Middle-aged middle-class women (N=200) in suburban cities in the United States and Japan are compared with regard to their attitudes toward and behavior in extramarital sexual relations. The primary difference seems to lie in their attitudes rather than in their experiences. (Author)

Incidence of premarital pregnancies among brides marrying in 1970-1972 in Australia is analyzed with respect to relative ages of bride and bridegroom, bridegroom's occupation, and bride's country of birth. Relative frequency of such pregnancies was very high among very young couples but declined with increasing age. (Author)

Questionnaire data from 100 white women in a Southern city were examined to learn whether women belonging to groups that focus on social change were less traditional than women who affiliate with groups whose stated purpose has a social orientation. Results are presented. (Author)

The relative effects of imagerial covert rehearsal with attentional shifts and the use of an independent reinforcing agent in a covert reinforcement therapy were compared. A 17-year-old female student, requesting treatment for a snake phobia, served as the subject. The phobia was measured along four dimensions: behavioral approaches to a live…

A study sought to determine whether female innovative teens have mass media behavior similar to that of adult innovators. Research indicates that adult innovators (adult who are the first to adopt new ideas and products and who comprise 16% of the population) are more ventursome, better educated, more socially integrated, and have greater contact…

Compares the number of legal abortions performed in the United States and Britain. Reveals that the rate of abortion in the United States is more than twice that of Britain. Analyzes the reasons for the different rates. (Author)

While a great deal of clinical research attention has been directed toward assertive training, there have been few studies examining the social impact or interpersonal evaluation of assertive versus unassertive behavior, including the differential evaluation of assertiveness exhibited by males and females. In this study, subjects observed a…

An individualized, free-response self-disclosure measurement questionnaire was developed to study differences in self-disclosure patterns of female subjects as a function of target roles. Findings indicated significantly more reported self-disclosure to females than males and to friends than relatives. This discrepancy suggests informant reports…