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Osana, Helena P.; Przednowek, Katarzyna; Cooperman, Allyson; Adrien, Emmanuelle – Journal of Experimental Education, 2018
The effects of prior encodings of manipulatives (red and blue plastic chips) on children's ability to use them as representations of quantity were tested. First graders (N = 73) were assigned to four conditions in which the encoding of plastic chips was experimentally manipulated. All children then participated in an addition activity that relied…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Elementary School Students, Manipulative Materials, Cognitive Processes
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Tourangeau, Karen; Nord, Christine; Lê, Thanh; Wallner-Allen, Kathleen; Vaden-Kiernan, Nancy; Blaker, Lisa; Najarian, Michelle – National Center for Education Statistics, 2018
This manual provides guidance and documentation for users of the longitudinal kindergarten-fourth grade (K-4) data file of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011). It mainly provides information specific to the fourth-grade round of data collection. The first chapter provides an overview of the…
Descriptors: Children, Longitudinal Studies, Surveys, Kindergarten