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Small Sample Methods in Multilevel Analysis
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Yasuhiro Yamamoto; Yasuo Miyazaki – Journal of Experimental Education, 2025
Bayesian methods have been said to solve small sample problems in frequentist methods by reflecting prior knowledge in the prior distribution. However, there are dangers in strongly reflecting prior knowledge or situations where much prior knowledge cannot be used. In order to address the issue, in this article, we considered to apply two Bayesian…
Descriptors: Sample Size, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Bayesian Statistics, Prior Learning
Academic Vocabulary Learning in First through Third Grade in Low-Income Schools: Effects of Automated Supplemental Instruction
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Goldstein, Howard; Ziolkowski, Robyn A.; Bojczyk, Kathryn E.; Marty, Ana; Schneider, Naomi; Harpring, Jayme; Haring, Christa D. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2017
Purpose: This study investigated cumulative effects of language learning, specifically whether prior vocabulary knowledge or special education status moderated the effects of academic vocabulary instruction in high-poverty schools. Method: Effects of a supplemental intervention targeting academic vocabulary in first through third grades were…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Children, Low Income Groups, Comparative Analysis
Academic Vocabulary Learning in First through Third Grade in Low-Income Schools: Effects of Automated Supplemental Instruction
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Goldstein, Howard; Ziolkowski, Robyn A.; Bojczyk, Katherine E.; Marty, Ana; Schneider, Naomi; Harpring, Jayme; Haring, Christa D. – Grantee Submission, 2017
Purpose: This study investigated cumulative effects of language learning, specifically whether prior vocabulary knowledge or special education status moderated the effects of academic vocabulary instruction in high-poverty schools. Method: Effects of a supplemental intervention targeting academic vocabulary in first through third grades were…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Children, Low Income Groups, Comparative Analysis
Assessing the Relation between Language Comprehension and Performance in General Chemistry
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Pyburn, Daniel T.; Pazicni, Samuel; Benassi, Victor A.; Tappin, Elizabeth E. – Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 2013
Few studies have focused specifically on the role that language plays in learning chemistry. We report here an investigation into the ability of language comprehension measures to predict performance in university introductory chemistry courses. This work is informed by theories of language comprehension, which posit that high-skilled…
Descriptors: Chemistry, Science Education, College Students, College Science
Third-Year High School Mathematics Curriculum: Effects of Content Organization and Curriculum Implementation
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Chávez, Óscar; Tarr, James E.; Grouws, Douglas A.; Soria, Victor M. – International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2015
We examined the effect of curriculum organization in US high schools where students could freely choose to study mathematics from textbooks that employed one of two types of content organization, an "integrated" approach or a (traditional) "subject-specific" approach. The study involved 2,242 high school students, enrolled in…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Mathematics Curriculum, High Schools, Textbooks
The Mediators of Minority Ethnic Underperformance in Final Medical School Examinations
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Woolf, Katherine; McManus, I. Chris; Potts, Henry W. W.; Dacre, Jane – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2013
Background: UK-trained medical students and doctors from minority ethnic groups underperform academically. It is unclear why this problem exists, which makes it dif?cult to know how to address it. Aim: To investigate whether demographic and psychological factors mediate the relationship between ethnicity and ?nal examination scores. Sample: Two…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Medical Students, Cohort Analysis, Medical Schools