This study explores teachers' beliefs about urban students and urban teaching. The author discusses some cultural aspects of these teachers' definitions of urban and points out their highlighting of race as an essential component of urban teaching. Even though race is rarely named, it is often at play in the teachers' descriptions of urban…

Using the German language as an example, argues that the emergence of written language results from social needs and the individual needs these include, which are in turn conditioned by concrete historical circumstances. (HOD)