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Bita Aghaei Aghdam; Mahnaz Saeidi; Farahman Farrokhi – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Research has underscored the separate role of output to promote processing instruction (PI) effects in language learning. Yet, there is a need to scrutinize the interplay between structured output (SO) and unstructured output (USO) within PI to understand how innovative combinations may enhance ultimate educational attainment. The present…
Descriptors: Grammar, Teaching Methods, Language Processing, Second Language Learning
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Rosemary Erlam; Lan Wei – Language Teaching Research, 2024
This study is a conceptual replication of Ellis' 'Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge of a second language: A psychometric study', published in "Studies in Second Language Acquisition" (2005), aiming to establish the importance of including belief statements (hypothesized to increase processing demands) in the design of Elicited…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Psychometrics
New Meridian Corporation, 2020
New Meridian Corporation has developed the "Quality Testing Standards and Criteria for Comparability Claims" (QTS) to provide guidance to states that are interested in including New Meridian content and would like to either keep reporting scores on the New Meridian Scale or use the New Meridian performance levels; that is, the state…
Descriptors: Testing, Standards, Comparative Analysis, Test Content
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Kim, Jeong-eun; Nam, Hosung – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2017
Timed grammaticality judgment tests (TGJT) and oral elicited imitation tests (OEIT) are considered reliable and valid measures of implicit linguistic knowledge, but studies consistently observe better performances on the TGJT than the OEIT due to the different types of processing they require: comprehension for the TGJT and production for the…
Descriptors: Grammar, Language Processing, Language Tests, Second Language Learning
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Lee, Shinhye; Winke, Paula – Language Testing, 2018
We investigated how young language learners process their responses on and perceive a computer-mediated, timed speaking test. Twenty 8-, 9-, and 10-year-old non-native English-speaking children (NNSs) and eight same-aged, native English-speaking children (NSs) completed seven computerized sample TOEFL® Primary™ speaking test tasks. We investigated…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Second Language Learning, Responses, Computer Assisted Testing
Camara, Wayne J. – College Entrance Examination Board, 2003
Previous research on differences in the reliability, validity, and difficulty of essay tests given under different timing conditions has indicated that giving examinees more time to complete an essay may raise their scores to a certain extent, but does not change the meaning of those scores, or the rank ordering of students. There is no evidence…
Descriptors: Essays, Comparative Analysis, Writing Tests, Timed Tests