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DNA Methylation of the Oxytocin Receptor across Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Siu, Michelle T.; Goodman, Sarah J.; Yellan, Isaac; Butcher, Darci T.; Jangjoo, Maryam; Grafodatskaya, Daria; Rajendram, Rageen; Lou, Youliang; Zhang, Rujun; Zhao, Chunhua; Nicolson, Rob; Georgiades, Stelios; Szatmari, Peter; Scherer, Stephen W.; Roberts, Wendy; Anagnostou, Evdokia; Weksberg, Rosanna – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
Many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) share common learning and behavioural impairments, as well as features such as dysregulation of the oxytocin hormone. Here, we examined DNA methylation (DNAm) in the 1st intron of the oxytocin receptor gene, "OXTR," in patients with autism spectrum (ASD), attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD)…
Descriptors: Genetics, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Biochemistry
Numerical Magnitude Processing Impairments in Genetic Syndromes: A Cross-Syndrome Comparison of Turner and 22Q11.2 Deletion Syndromes
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Brankaer, Carmen; Ghesquière, Pol; De Wel, Anke; Swillen, Ann; De Smedt, Bert – Developmental Science, 2017
Cross-syndrome comparisons offer an important window onto understanding heterogeneity in mathematical learning disabilities or dyscalculia. The present study therefore investigated symbolic numerical magnitude processing in two genetic syndromes that are both characterized by mathematical learning disabilities: Turner syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion…
Descriptors: Mathematics Skills, Learning Disabilities, Genetic Disorders, Cognitive Processes
Using Discrete Trial Training to Identify Specific Learning Impairments in Boys with Fragile X Syndrome
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Hall, Scott S.; Hustyi, Kristin M.; Hammond, Jennifer L.; Hirt, Melissa; Reiss, Allan L. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2014
We examined whether "discrete trial training" (DTT) could be used to identify learning impairments in mathematical reasoning in boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Boys with FXS, aged 10-23 years, and age and IQ-matched controls, were trained to match fractions to pie-charts and pie-charts to decimals either on a computer or with a…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Mathematical Logic, Males, Genetic Disorders
Predicting Reading Disability: Early Cognitive Risk and Protective Factors
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Eklund, Kenneth Mikael; Torppa, Minna; Lyytinen, Heikki – Dyslexia, 2013
This longitudinal study examined early cognitive risk and protective factors for Grade 2 reading disability (RD). We first examined the reading outcome of 198 children in four developmental cognitive subgroups that were identified in our previous analysis: dysfluent trajectory, declining trajectory, unexpected trajectory and typical trajectory. We…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Cognitive Development, Grade 2, Dyslexia
Learning Curve Analyses in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Are Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Truly Visual Learners?
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Erdodi, Laszlo; Lajiness-O'Neill, Renee; Schmitt, Thomas A. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2013
Visual and auditory verbal learning using a selective reminding format was studied in a mixed clinical sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 42), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 83), velocardiofacial syndrome (n = 17) and neurotypicals (n = 38) using the Test of Memory and Learning to (1) more thoroughly…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Verbal Learning, Autism, Visual Learning
Math Achievement, Numerical Processing, and Executive Functions in Girls with Turner Syndrome: Do Girls with Turner Syndrome Have Math Learning Disability?
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Mazzocco, Michele M. M.; Hanich, Laurie B. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2010
Turner syndrome is a common genetic disorder associated with select deficits in executive functions, working memory and mathematics. In Study 1, we examined growth trajectories of skills in these areas, from grades 1 to 6, among girls with or without Turner syndrome. Rates of growth and performance levels at 6th grade, on an untimed math…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Learning Problems, Females, Learning Disabilities
Discriminating Children with Autism from Children with Learning Difficulties with an Adaptation of the Short Sensory Profile
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O'Brien, Justin; Tsermentseli, Stella; Cummins, Omar; Happe, Francesca; Heaton, Pamela; Spencer, Janine – Early Child Development and Care, 2009
In this article, we examine the extent to which children with autism and children with learning difficulties can be discriminated from their responses to different patterns of sensory stimuli. Using an adapted version of the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), sensory processing was compared in 34 children with autism to 33 children with typical…
Descriptors: Learning Problems, Autism, Learning Disabilities, Discriminant Analysis
Psychiatric Disorders in Parents of Children with Autism: A Meta-Analysis
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Yirmiya, Nurit; Shaked, Michal – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2005
Background: The genetic basis of autism has received great attention during the last few years. The psychiatric status of parents of persons with autism has been studied as part of the broad phenotype of autism. Methods: In the current study we examined all studies in which psychiatric difficulties of parents of children with autism were compared…
Descriptors: Autism, Learning Disabilities, Down Syndrome, Genetics
Parents' Perspectives on Coping with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Concomitant Specific Learning Disabilities
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Webb, Carol L. – Learning Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2005
This study addresses parental perspectives and coping strategies related to Duchenne muscular dystrophy and specific learning disabilities. Data were collected through individual semi-structured in-depth interviews with fifteen sets of parents. Participants were selected based on variables such as age of children, number of children with both…
Descriptors: Grounded Theory, Parent Attitudes, Learning Disabilities, Coping
A 28-Year Follow-up of Children with Phonological Disorders.
Parlour, Susan Felsenfeld; And Others – 1989
This investigation examined whether articulation problems represent a more pervasive linguistic or cognitive disability and whether a genetic component exists, by following up a longitudinal articulation study of 394 normally developing children begun in 1960. A group of 24 individuals, aged 31-33, who had participated in the original study and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Adults, Articulation Impairments, Comparative Analysis
The Development of Arithmetical Abilities
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Butterworth, Brian – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2005
Background: Arithmetical skills are essential to the effective exercise of citizenship in a numerate society. How these skills are acquired, or fail to be acquired, is of great importance not only to individual children but to the organisation of formal education and its role in society. Method: The evidence on the normal and abnormal…
Descriptors: Evidence, Neurology, Genetics, Arithmetic