The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching a three-step cognitive strategy (TIP) using the schema broadening procedures on functional mathematical problem solving skills of young adults with intellectual disability (ID). We randomly assigned 14 learners with ID to the control and experimental group before the…

Studied transfer of rule knowledge in 7- to 9-year-old normal and disabled readers. Compared performance on trained exemplars and untrained transfer items by means of posttests following rule training. Found that normal readers transferred rule knowledge in reading and music tasks; disabled readers were proficient only on music tasks and showed…

Two experiments examined impact of training in false belief understanding on 3-year-olds. Training involved encouragement of reflection on the event of various false belief scenarios, especially the protagonist's thoughts. Results suggested that task-specific strategies for close transfer posttest success were learned, rather than demonstrating a…

Gifted and nongifted students (n=96) in grades five-six were assigned to a free-study or one of three mnemonic conditions for learning mineral hardness levels. Both ability groups learned more in mnemonic conditions, and gifted students demonstrated an ability superior to nongifted students in employing mnemonic strategies independently in…

Gifted students in grades 6-8 were divided into two experimental groups, one receiving traditional creative problem-solving training and the other receiving creative problem-solving with transfer strategies infused; there was also a control group receiving training in various memory tasks, analogical skills, and logic exercises. After the…

This study examined the effects of providing explicit metacognitive instruction prior to cognitive strategy instruction on students' with learning disabilities ability to generalize a vocabulary strategy learned in a special education setting to a general education setting. The subjects were eight elementary school students with learning…

Group differences based on giftedness and achievement were examined in acquisition and generalization of a strategy for solving verbal and figural analogies. The strategy involved making a sentence that captured the relationship between a pair of words and then applying that sentence to a third item. A total of 162 high-achieving gifted,…

Four moderately mentally retarded students, aged 8-13, were taught to read food words found in grocery stores, using constant time delay or system of least prompts procedures. Both strategies produced criterion-level performance in training and other settings, but the constant time delay procedure was more efficient. (Author/JDD)

This research review examines the effects of instructional variables on the learning of handicapped and nonhandicapped individuals. The research review begins with an historical look at learning disabilities research. An overall analysis of the differential effects of instructional variables on learning-disabled and nonhandicapped individuals…