The purpose of this study was to identify statewide trends in school approaches to student discipline and examine the associations between punitive discipline practices and student, school, and local education agency (LEA) characteristics. In addition, we compared punitive disciplinary practices for schools and LEAs that do and do not allow…

Purpose: To compare pay gap estimates across 3 different national survey data sets for people with disabilities relative to those without disabilities when pay is measured as wage and salary alone versus a (total compensation) definition that includes an estimate of the value of benefits. Method: Estimates of the cost to the employers of employee…

Introduction: According to previous studies, when parents divorce it may increase the vulnerability of children to develop personal problems, such as lowering academic performance. This research examines the academic performance of Spanish children with divorced parents and its relation to academic self-concept and social anxiety. Method: The…

This study examined how individualism, collectivism, and counselor emphasis of different client emotions were related to perceived counselor effectiveness. Data were collected from 192 (122 women and 70 men) Korean students attending a large university in South Korea and from 170 (115 women and 55 men) American students attending a large…

This study provides the first systematic examination of the status of reading performance among incarcerated youth since the 1978 Project READ report. The purpose of this study was to provide a contemporary depiction of reading skills of a large sample of incarcerated youth, and to provide leaders and administrators with some tangible…

Purpose: The objective of this study was to extend previous published findings in the authors' laboratory using a new automated technology to quantitatively characterize nonparticipatory perioral stiffness in healthy male adults. Method: Quantitative measures of perioral stiffness were sampled during a nonparticipatory task using a…

According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model endorsed by the World Health Organization, participation in everyday activities is integral to normal child development. However, little is known about the influence of motor ability and weight status on physical activity participation in children with…

Many models assume that habitual human behavior is guided by spontaneous, automatic, or implicit processes rather than by deliberate, rule-based, or explicit processes. Thus, math-ability self-concepts and math performance could be related to implicit math-gender stereotypes in addition to explicit stereotypes. Two studies assessed at what age…

Reports a study of alternative theories of sex discrimination which imply ambiguous predictions about the relation between the male/female earnings ratio and the status and sex composition of the occupation. Notes that about one-half of the earnings gap between the sexes can be attributed to direct discrimination in the labor market, with…

A survey of two cohorts of men and women who received Ph.D. degrees did not support hypotheses that the lower earnings of the women were due to their voluntary decisions, e.g., career interruptions. It was concluded that this study confirmed and extended other recent research that discrimination is a major source of sex differentials. (MF)

Skeletal models of the regression of occupational status on schooling that correct for response variability and incorporate a variance component structure are presented. The models were derived from an analysis which used multiple measurements of educational attainment and occupational status for 518 male high school graduates and their brothers.…

The strengths and weaknesses of various methodologies in conducting salary equity studies are examined. Particular attention is paid to the problems of identifying appropriate matches in the paired-comparison approach and to the sample, predictor and decision-rule problems associated with the regression analysis approach. In addition, highlights…

A salary prediction model for college faculty that is used at Georgia State University was reviewed and tested using multiple regression analysis. Various model specifications, incorporating academic rank, academic discipline, and academic experience, including professional and personal background characteristics, are reviewed. Academic rank is an…