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Maxwell, Nicholas P.; Perry, Trevor; Huff, Mark J. – Metacognition and Learning, 2022
Judgments of learning (JOL) are often used to assess memory monitoring at encoding. Participants study a cue-target word pair (e.g., mouse-cheese) and are asked to rate the probability of correctly recalling the target in the presence of the cue at test (e.g., mouse -?). Prior research has shown that JOL accuracy is sensitive to perceptual cues.…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Layout (Publications), Decision Making, Memory
Rummel, Jan; Marevic, Ivan; Kuhlmann, Beatrice G. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Intentional forgetting of previously learned information is an adaptive cognitive capability of humans but its cognitive underpinnings are not yet well understood. It has been argued that it strongly depends on the presentation method whether forgetting instructions alter storage or retrieval stages (Basden, Basden, & Gargano, 1993). In…
Descriptors: Information Retrieval, Memory, Models, Recall (Psychology)
Bugg, Julie M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
The conflict monitoring account posits that globally high levels of conflict trigger engagement of top-down control; however, recent findings point to the mercurial nature of top-down control in high conflict contexts. The current study examined the potential moderating effect of associative learning on conflict-triggered top-down control…
Descriptors: Conflict, Experimental Psychology, Associative Learning, Hypothesis Testing
Hilbig, Benjamin E.; Erdfelder, Edgar; Pohl, Rudiger F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
A new process model of the interplay between memory and judgment processes was recently suggested, assuming that retrieval fluency--that is, the speed with which objects are recognized--will determine inferences concerning such objects in a single-cue fashion. This aspect of the fluency heuristic, an extension of the recognition heuristic, has…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Heuristics, Memory, Goodness of Fit
Bernstein, Daniel M.; Erdfelder, Edgar; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Peria, William; Loftus, Geoffrey R. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
Upon learning the outcome to a problem, people tend to believe that they knew it all along ("hindsight bias"). Here, we report the first study to trace the development of hindsight bias across the life span. One hundred ninety-four participants aged 3 to 95 years completed 3 tasks designed to measure visual and verbal hindsight bias. All age…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Perspective Taking, Problem Solving, Memory
Bowers, Jeffrey S.; Davis, Colin J. – Psychological Bulletin, 2012
According to Bayesian theories in psychology and neuroscience, minds and brains are (near) optimal in solving a wide range of tasks. We challenge this view and argue that more traditional, non-Bayesian approaches are more promising. We make 3 main arguments. First, we show that the empirical evidence for Bayesian theories in psychology is weak.…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Psychology, Brain, Theories
Fong, Soon Fook; Por, Fei Ping; Tang, Ai Ling – Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology - TOJET, 2012
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of multiple simulation presentation in interactive multimedia are on the achievement of students with different levels of anxiety in the learning of Probability. The interactive multimedia courseware was developed in two different modes, which were Multiple Simulation Presentation (MSP) and…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Courseware, Probability, Computer Simulation
Hourihan, Kathleen L.; Benjamin, Aaron S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
Recently, Vul and Pashler (2008) demonstrated that the average of 2 responses from a single subject to general knowledge questions was more accurate than either single estimate. Importantly, this reveals that each guess contributes unique evidence relevant to the decision, contrary to views that eschew probabilistic representations of the…
Descriptors: Memory, Task Analysis, Cognitive Processes, Undergraduate Students
Areas Da Luz Fontes, Ana B.; Schwartz, Ana I. – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2010
We examined whether bilinguals' conceptual representation of homonyms in one language are influenced by meanings in the other. One hundred and seventeen Spanish-English bilinguals generated sentences for 62 English homonyms that were also cognates with Spanish and which shared at least one meaning with Spanish (e.g., plane/"plano"). Production…
Descriptors: Sentences, Figurative Language, Monolingualism, Probability
Clark, L.; Bechara, A.; Damasio, H.; Aitken, M. R. F.; Sahakian, B. J.; Robbins, T. W. – Brain, 2008
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and insular cortex are implicated in distributed neural circuitry that supports emotional decision-making. Previous studies of patients with vmPFC lesions have focused primarily on decision-making under uncertainty, when outcome probabilities are ambiguous (e.g. the Iowa Gambling Task). It remains unclear…
Descriptors: Patients, Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Probability
Shiffrin, Richard M.; Lee, Michael D.; Kim, Woojae; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan – Cognitive Science, 2008
This article reviews current methods for evaluating models in the cognitive sciences, including theoretically based approaches, such as Bayes factors and minimum description length measures; simulation approaches, including model mimicry evaluations; and practical approaches, such as validation and generalization measures. This article argues…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Generalization, Sciences, Models
Odum, Amy L.; Shahan, Timothy A.; Nevin, John A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
This experiment examined the effects of reinforcement probability on resistance to change of remembering and response rate. Pigeons responded on a two- component multiple schedule in which completion of a variable-interval 20-s schedule produced delayed matching-to-sample trials in both components. Each session included four delays (0.1 s, 2 s, 4…
Descriptors: Memory, Probability, Reinforcement, Intervals
Novotna, Jarmila, Ed.; Moraova, Hana, Ed.; Kratka, Magdalena, Ed.; Stehlikova, Nad'a, Ed. – International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 2006
This volume of the 30th annual proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education conference presents: plenary panel papers; research forum papers; short oral communication papers; and poster presentation papers from the meeting. Information relating to discussion groups and working sessions is also provided.…
Descriptors: Program Effectiveness, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, Mathematics Instruction