Investigated whether actors and observers differ in their beliefs about what features of an individual best reflect his/her "authentic self." Results indicate that actors' views differed significantly from observers'. Friend raters believed that their friends' dispositional traits were better indicators than what their friends actually did,…

Tests of the mediational function of self-disclosure indicated a positive relationship between the target's level of self-disclosure and the "meaningfulness" rating based on each subject's psychological characteristics. (Author)

Investigated disturbances in body image perception with anorexic, obese and control groups. Significant difference was found among the groups in perception of present-self body image, body image at plus 10 pounds, and minus 10 pounds. A directional trend was noted in anorexic overestimation and obese underestimation on the total concept of body…

Adults with different sex-role identities rated likability of male and female stimulus persons. Under some conditions, all female subjects and feminine males made more polar ratings of opposite-sex stimulus persons. Under other conditions, masculine males rated male stimulus persons more negatively than female stimulus persons. (Author)

Surveyed 400 college faculty men and women to determine gender role preferences and perceptions. Perceptions of the ideal woman, ideal man, most women, most men, and self were measured. Results from the Sex Role Trait Inventory show that both men and women faculty preferences and perceptions were generally very similar. Implications are discussed.…

Alcoholic and nonalcoholic adult males and females (N=100) judged self and three intimate others on four personality characteristics. Alcoholics viewed themselves and their mothers and fathers as more unhappy, less sociable, and less productive and persistent, and their spouses as more unhappy and less sociable than did nonalcoholics. Alcoholics…

Dimensions of Japanese person perception are assessed through an instrument standardized to tap basic dimensions of person perception and whose scales are defined behaviorally. Dimensions are then compared statistically with results from similar cross-cultural studies. (AM)

Experimental group mothers reported significantly greater self-confidence and satisfaction with mothering and more favorable perception of infant temperament than did control group mothers. Differences between children on cognitive scores became significant at 36 and 48 months of age, when the experimental group caught up with normal children. (RH)

Examines 95 parents' reports of relations between infant termperament and parental psychological conditions, as well as familiy characteristics of socioeconomic status, birth order, and infant gender. (HOD)

Self-disclosure (SD) is considered an important part of psychotherapy and an essential ingredient of psychological health. The difference between self-reported SD (how much a patient said he disclosed) and observed SD (how much a therapist said the patient disclosed) was investigated to examine the effects on psychotherapy outcome. Adult…

Examined sociocultural influences on mathematics achievement. First generation Chinese American and Caucasian American mother-father-daughter triads were audiotaped as the fifth- and sixth-grade girls solved a spatial puzzle. Chinese American triads were quieter, more respectful, more serious, and more orderly, whereas Caucasian American triads…

The purpose of this study was to assess pre-service teachers' support for character education and analyze their perceptions of character as an effective deterrent to negative school behaviors. In addition, the author of this study sought to ascertain pre-service teachers' opinions regarding the importance of character education in undergraduate…