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Declan Devlin; Korbinian Moeller; Iro Xenidou-Dervou; Bert Reynvoet; Francesco Sella – Cognitive Science, 2024
In order processing, consecutive sequences (e.g., 1-2-3) are generally processed faster than nonconsecutive sequences (e.g., 1-3-5) (also referred to as the reverse distance effect). A common explanation for this effect is that order processing operates via a memory-based associative mechanism whereby consecutive sequences are processed faster…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Decision Making, Memory
O'Donnell, Ryan E.; Wyble, Brad – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Working memory allows us to hold specific pieces of information in an active and easily retrieved state, but what happens to that information during an unexpected interruption between study and test? To answer this question, we used a surprise trial paradigm in which an unexpected event precedes a probe of the observer's memory for a search…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Comparative Analysis, Alphabets, Reading Processes
Zupan, Zorana; Blagrove, Elisabeth L.; Watson, Derrick G. – Developmental Psychology, 2023
By approximately 6 years of age, children can use time-based visual selection to ignore stationary stimuli, already in the visual field and prioritize the selection of newly arriving stimuli. This ability can be studied using preview search, a version of the visual search paradigm with an added temporal component, in which one set of distractors…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Visual Stimuli, Comparative Analysis, Adults
Entel, Olga; Tzelgov, Joseph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
It was suggested that 2 preconditions promote proactive control: a pending plan to control performance and availability of working memory (WM) storage resources. In 4 experiments, we applied these preconditions to the Stroop task. Using a new approach, we focused on task conflict while manipulating not only the different stimuli proportions, but…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Comparative Analysis, Reaction Time, Color
Cowan, Nelson; Guitard, Dominic; Greene, Nathaniel R.; Fiset, Sylvain – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
In the traditional conception of working memory for word lists, phonological codes are used primarily, and semantic codes are often discarded or ignored. Yet, other evidence indicates an important role for semantic codes. We carried out a preplanned set of four experiments to determine whether phonological and semantic codes are used similarly or…
Descriptors: Phonology, Semantics, Short Term Memory, Rhyme
Rac-Lubashevsky, Rachel; Kessler, Yoav – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Working memory (WM) updating is a controlled process through which relevant information in the environment is selected to enter the gate to WM and substitute its contents. We suggest that there is also an automatic form of updating, which influences performance in many tasks and is primarily manifested in reaction time sequential effects. The goal…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Long Term Memory
Mumper, Micah L.; Gerrig, Richard J. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021
While research has repeatedly found evidence that readers infer characters' emotions, we investigate three outstanding questions about the content and time course of such inferences. We ask whether even simple narratives give rise to emotion inferences, in what form such inferences are encoded into long-term memory, and whether they are uniquely…
Descriptors: Inferences, Emotional Response, Memory, Reading Processes
Goecke, Benjamin; Schmitz, Florian; Wilhelm, Oliver – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
Performance in elementary cognitive tasks is moderately correlated with fluid intelligence and working memory capacity. These correlations are higher for more complex tasks, presumably due to increased demands on working memory capacity. In accordance with the binding hypothesis, which states that working memory capacity reflects the limit of a…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory, Reaction Time
Brandon F. Heimberg – ProQuest LLC, 2020
Bilingual advantage literature proposes that bilinguals perform significantly better on tasks of executive functioning when compared to monolingual individuals. This study explored the theory of the bilingual advantage when individuals were exposed to an increased cognitive load due to emotionally valenced stimuli. Due to the limited capacity of…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Short Term Memory, Psychology, Monolingualism
Besken, Miri – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Manipulations that induce disfluency during encoding generally produce lower memory predictions for the disfluent condition than for the fluent condition. Similar to other manipulations of disfluency, generating lies takes longer and requires more mental effort than does telling the truth; hence, a manipulation of lie generation might produce…
Descriptors: Memory, Ethics, Deception, Metacognition
Kuhlmann, Beatrice G.; Brubaker, Matthew S.; Pfeiffer, Theresa; Naveh-Benjamin, Moshe – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Few studies have compared interference-based forgetting between item versus associative memory. The memory-system dependent forgetting hypothesis (Hardt, Nader, & Nadel, 2013) predicts that effects of interference on associative memory should be minimal because its hippocampal representation allows pattern separation even of highly similar…
Descriptors: Older Adults, Memory, Comparative Analysis, Interference (Learning)
von Hecker, Ulrich; Klauer, Karl Christoph; Wolf, Lukas; Fazilat-Pour, Masoud – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Memory performance in linear order reasoning tasks (A > B, B > C, C > D, etc.) shows quicker, and more accurate responses to queries on wider (AD) than narrower (AB) pairs on a hypothetical linear mental model (A -- B -- C -- D). While indicative of an analogue representation, research so far did not provide positive evidence for spatial…
Descriptors: Memory, Short Term Memory, Spatial Ability, Visual Perception
Lyon, Bethany Alice – ProQuest LLC, 2018
Prospective memory (PM) refers to memory for future intentions (e.g. remembering to press a button when you see an animal word). Researchers classify PM intentions in the laboratory as focal or nonfocal primarily in two ways. One way, task-appropriateness, refers to how the processing for the intention relates to the processing required for an…
Descriptors: Cues, Task Analysis, Memory, Intention
Poulisse, Charlotte; Wheeldon, Linda; Segaert, Katrien – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
We investigated age-related differences in syntactic comprehension in young and older adults. Most previous research found no evidence of age-related decline in syntactic processing. We investigated elementary syntactic comprehension of minimal sentences (e.g., I cook), minimizing the influence of working memory. We also investigated the…
Descriptors: Syntax, Language Processing, Aging (Individuals), Short Term Memory
Rønneberg, Vibeke; Torrance, Mark – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2019
Spelling accuracy and time course was investigated in a sample of 100 Norwegian 6th grade students completing a standardized spelling-to-dictation task. Students responded by keyboard with accurate recordings of response-onset latency (RT) and inter-keypress interval (IKI). We determined effects of a number of child-level cognitive ability…
Descriptors: Spelling, Grade 6, Nonverbal Ability, Short Term Memory