The author reexamined the relationship between sex and empathy using graduate students as subjects. The results show that, contrary to Olesker and Balter's findings, for the subjects there was no significant difference in empathic ability whether judging members of the same or the opposite sex. (Author/SE)

This is a first step in the extension of a method usually used with individuals in the 17-70 age range to children 6-16 measuring psychological states on the basis of the content of small speech samples. Comparisons are made between children's and adult's scores, sex differences, and developmental trends. Results show that a larger populace must…

Compares the patterns of fear of crime among the aged and the non-aged. Four key specifying variables were used in the analysis--sex, race, socioeconomic status, and size of community. Findings indicated that elderly respondents who were either female, black, or metropolitan residents possessed extremely high fear rates. (Author)

Investigated whether assertive and nonassertive individuals differ in defense mechanisms they most typically rely on when confronted with interpersonal stress and conflict. Results indicated assertive males and females both endorsed the most adaptive defense mechanism cluster, whereas nonassertive males and females endorsed more primitive defense…

Divorced subjects (N=133) completed questionnaires to assess adjustment to divorce, and to obtain information about the nature of their divorce. Most subjects reported that the divorce decision had been the woman's. Women showed better adjustment than men on a divorce adjustment scale and reported fewer suicidal feelings. (Author/RC)

Assessed anxiety scores of 70 male and female students (28 right-handers, 23 left-handers and 19 mixed-handers) for relationship to the handedness classification of each individual. Found females showed higher anxiety scores than males; left-handers and mixed-handers were more anxious than right-handers; and extremes of handedness were more…

Investigated gender differences in the motivation for alcohol use in a sample of 240 Nigerian undergraduates, ranging in age from 17-24 years. Males were more likely to drink for psychological and social reasons than females. Females, however, were more likely than males to drink only at parties. (RJM)

Discusses five components of a basic suicide syndrome. Examines gender differences in suicidal behavior through an analysis of male and female roles. Components include failure, commitment, rigidity, shame, and isolation. Considers the concept of autonomy in relation to sex differences in suicidal behavior. (RC)

Compared the personality profiles of homosexuals and heterosexuals. Results indicated homosexuals and males were less guilty and more hostile. Differences in guilt and hostility levels between homosexuals and heterosexuals were similar for males and females. Suggests homosexual's high hostility and low guilt can be attributed partly to social…

This paper reports on a study to develop a scale of stress measurement and its use with undergraduate students (N=269) at a large land grant mid-Atlantic university. Students, within the classroom setting, were given a questionnaire containing 52 potentially stressful hypothetical situations and were asked to indicate the degree of stress they…

This report focuses on the self-perception and academic achievement of fifth grade black girls as compared to black boys and white girls. Comparisons are made along different dimensions of self-esteem (general, school, peer, and home), and on self-concept of ability, achievement orientation, general anxiety, locus of control, importance of social…

A 2x2x2 factorial design was utilized to investigate the effects of race of expressor (black and white), race of perceiver, and sex of perceiver on perception of emotion (POE) in children. Perception of four emotions (anger, happiness, surprise, and pain) was analyzed in terms of three scores as DV's: (1) overall accuracy scores, (2) correct…

Examines 95 parents' reports of relations between infant termperament and parental psychological conditions, as well as familiy characteristics of socioeconomic status, birth order, and infant gender. (HOD)

A study of the distress experienced by male and female law students in all three years of law school, as measured by a validated psychiatric symptom survey insrument, also compared the distress of law students to that of with medical students. (MSE)

Discussed whether similarity affects the relationship between comparison and other-evaluation. Subjects read about an emergency, estimated their reaction, and evaluated a target who failed to help. Results showed increasing discrepancy between self and other's reactions led to more negative evaluations if self and target were the same sex.…