Objectives: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulatory authority for modified risk tobacco product advertising claims. To guide future regulatory efforts, we investigated how variations in modified risk claim advertisements influence consumer perceptions of product risk claims for Camel Snus. Methods: Young people and adults (15-65),…

This study investigated the effects of visual cues in multiple external representations (MER) environment on the learning performance of novices' program comprehension. Program codes and flowchart diagrams were used as dual representations in multimedia environment to deliver lessons on C-Programming. 17 field independent participants and 16 field…

This study aimed to examine the age and sex differences in controlled force exertion measured by the bar chart display in 207 males (age 42.1 [plus or minus] 19.8 years) and 249 females (age 41.7 [plus or minus] 19.1 years) aged 15 to 86 years. The subjects matched their submaximal grip strength to changing demand values, which appeared as a…

Objective: This study investigates whether two patient population groups, under resident or attending treatment, are equivalent or different in the distribution of patient characteristics, diagnoses, or pharmacotherapy. Methods: Demographic data, psychiatric diagnoses, and pharmacotherapy data were collected for 100 random patient charts of…

AN ANALYSIS OF FACULTY COMPENSATIONS SHOWS THAT THE OVERALL PERCENTAGE INCREASE DROPPED FROM 7.3 PERCENT IN 1965-66 TO 6.8 PERCENT IN 1966-67. THESE FIGURES, HOWEVER, DO NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT INCREASES WHICH RESULT FROM PROMOTION OF INDIVIDUALS, AND THUS THEY UNDERSTATE THE INDIVIDUAL'S INCREASED COMPENSATION. THE PERFORMANCE OF INSTITUTIONS IN…

L. L. Thurstone's (1927) model provides a powerful framework for modeling individual differences in choice behavior. An overview of Thurstonian models for comparative data is provided, including the classical Case V and Case III models as well as more general choice models with unrestricted and factor-analytic covariance structures. A flow chart…

THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS SIZE AND GROWTH VELOCITY DATA COLLECTED DURING A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF 111 NORMAL, HEALTHY NEGRO INFANTS FROM LOWER-MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILIES. DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM BIRTH RECORDS AND MEASUREMENTS TAKEN DURING ROUTINE PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS. WHEN THIS NEGRO SAMPLE WAS COMPARED WITH WHITE INFANTS IN SIMILAR STUDIES IT WAS FOUND…

The first in a series of reports by the Far West Laboratory for Educational Research and Development, this report demonstrates the positive relationship between reduced class size and pupil achievement. The researchers collected about 80 studies that yielded over 700 comparisons of the achievement of smaller and larger classes. The results showed…

A general process for testing the feasibility of applying alternative mathematical or statistical models to the solution of a practical problem is presented and flowcharted. The system is used to compare five models for test equating: (1) anchor test equating using classical test theory; (2) anchor test equating using the one-parameter logistic…

THIS CHAPTER OF A PROPOSAL FOR A YOUTH DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DISCUSSES DELINQUENCY IN MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA. ADULT CRIME IN BOTH THE CITY AND THE STATE ARE BRIEFLY REVIEWED. INFORMATION ABOUT JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN MINNEAPOLIS IS PRESENTED UNDER THE RUBRICS OF (1) DEFINITIONS AND INDEXES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY, (2) HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, (3)…

THIS COLLECTION CONTAINS SEVEN PAPERS OF ANALYSES OF WHITE-NONWHITE DIFFERENTIALS IN HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE. NONWHITES MAKE UP ALMOST 12 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION, 92 PERCENT OF WHOM ARE NEGROES. THE FERTILITY OF NONWHITES IS HIGHER, ESPECIALLY AMONG THE RURAL, LESS EDUCATED GROUP, BUT THE BIRTH RATE SEEMS TO BE FALLING FASTER, MOST…

A reporting and study format for the investigation of university student retention is presented. Student progression and loss is shown graphically and in tabular form to enable ready comprehension and encourage data exploration. Data obtained at Virginia Commonwealth University for 1977-80 are used as illustration. Two ways of viewing student…

Reports on a nationwide survey of the teaching profession that compares personal profiles and salaries of public school teachers and 4-year college graduates employed year round. Discusses issues of supply and demand, motivation and morale, job satisfaction, and teacher training. Six charts are included. (IW)

Presents six charts dealing with the following information: 1978 and 1985 profiles of school board members; four key areas of conflict between school boards and superintendents; comparative salaries of school administrators; increases in administrator salaries; public opinion of school administrators; and increases in school construction…

This learning unit on looking at figures is one in the Choice Series, a self-learning development program for supervisors. Purpose stated for the approximately eight-hour-long unit is to enable the supervisor to understand information displayed in charts, tables, and graphs; produce charts, tables, and graphs from figures; compare different sets…