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Direct linkSmith, Alexander; Ayres, Paul – Educational Psychology Review, 2016
Two experiments were conducted to investigate how individuals with persistent pain would respond to instructional materials designed to promote the modality and redundancy effects. It was predicted that persistent pain would reduce the positive impact of narrated text due to reduced working memory capacity. One hundred thirty-seven full-time…
Descriptors: Chronic Illness, Pain, Instructional Materials, Teaching Methods
Diao, Yali; Sweller, John – Learning and Instruction, 2007
In an example of the redundancy effect, learning is inhibited when written and spoken text containing the same information is presented simultaneously rather than in written or spoken form alone. The current research was designed to investigate whether the redundancy effect applied to reading comprehension in English as a foreign language (EFL) by…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Redundancy, Reading Comprehension
