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Ghorbanchian, Elahe; Youhanaee, Manijeh; Amirian, Zahra – English Language Teaching, 2019
Cognitive complexity is traditionally used for describing human cognition along a simplicity-complexity axis in tests like TOFEL IBT and GRE where text creation and rhetorical organization are quintessentially important. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate the impact of mentor text modelling on cognitive complexity of academic writing…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Foreign Countries
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Matchinski, Tracy L.; Winters, Janis E. – Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 2016
The ability to read print to help maintain independence and quality of life is a primary concern of people with visual impairments. One option for reading is a CCTV (closed-circuit television) or, using a more specific term, electronic magnifier. An electronic magnifier uses a camera to enlarge images onto a screen. The aim of this study was to…
Descriptors: Assistive Technology, Writing Achievement, Reading Achievement, Comparative Analysis
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Liaghat, Farahnaz; Biria, Reza – International Journal of Instruction, 2018
This study aimed at exploring the impact of mentor text modelling on Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' accuracy and fluency in writing tasks with different cognitive complexity in comparison with two conventional approaches to teaching writing; namely, process-based and product-based approaches. To this end, 60 Iranian EFL…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Comparative Analysis, Teaching Methods, Writing Instruction
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Huang, Harry J. – English Language Teaching, 2008
No published studies have sufficiently focused on essay topic writability from the perspective of college writers of the new millennium including native English speakers and ESL speakers. In this study, 500 college writers in Metro Toronto in Canada were interviewed to uncover if they found some essay topics easier than other topics. The results…
Descriptors: Essays, Writing (Composition), Statistical Analysis, English (Second Language)
Camara, Wayne J. – College Entrance Examination Board, 2003
Previous research on differences in the reliability, validity, and difficulty of essay tests given under different timing conditions has indicated that giving examinees more time to complete an essay may raise their scores to a certain extent, but does not change the meaning of those scores, or the rank ordering of students. There is no evidence…
Descriptors: Essays, Comparative Analysis, Writing Tests, Timed Tests
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Broer, Markus; Lee, Yong-Won; Rizavi, Saba; Powers, Don – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
Three polytomous DIF detection techniques--the Mantel test, logistic regression, and polySTAND--were used to identify GREĀ® Analytical Writing prompts ("Issue" and "Argument") that are differentially difficult for (a) female test takers; (b) African American, Asian, and Hispanic test takers; and (c) test takers whose strongest…
Descriptors: Culture Fair Tests, Item Response Theory, Test Items, Cues