Surveyed the opinions of (N=3,100) 7th- to 12th-grade students regarding the perceived effectiveness of both pro-smoking and anti-smoking messages. Results indicated that most teenagers were exposed to anti-smoking information and materials in schools. Statistically significant differences existed between smokers and nonsmokers in their…

An advance organizer is a set of conceptual statements about the unifying ideas of a topic in terms already familiar to the learner. A study is reported that sought to determine whether two presentations of an advance organizer for a unit on pathogenic bacteria would result in increasing medical students' knowledge and ability to solve problems in…

A discussion is presented on the relative effectiveness of four relaxation techniques when used in conjunction with a psychosocial stressor. (JMF)

The trend for gross anatomy programs is toward decreasing contact hours. East Tennessee State University reduces dissection hours by having medical students dissect either the upper or lower extremity, but not both. Subsequently, the dissectors study the opposite extremity. A study of examination results indicates that student learning is not…

Two organization development consultants describe and evaluate the two basic consulting methods, the process-consultation model and the doctor-patient model, and provide "readiness" criteria checklists for both the client and patient models. They state that each consulting approach has its place, depending on situational factors. (MF)

This study assessed Egan's hypothesis that a contract, spelling out in advance sensitivity group goals and member behaviors, facilitates positive interaction and interpersonal growth. Although results were not definitive, the contract group did seem to receive some additional benefits from sensitivity training, when compared to the non-contract…

A method of estimating the effects of manpower training programs on the average wage of black workers relative to the average wage of white workers is presented. Conclusions indicate that although the effect of manpower training programs on the black/white wage ratio was positive, the estimated effects were very small. (Author/EC)

Estimated effects of high participation in Infant Health and Development Program targeting low-birth-weight (LBW) premature infants. Found that at age 8, effects of attending more than 400 days on scores on the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children Full and Verbal Scales was 7 to 10 points. Effects were 14 points for heavier LBW infants and 8…

Investigated the effect of a 3-week school-based nutrition education program on nutrition knowledge and healthy food choices of fifth graders randomly assigned to experimental or control group. Found that the experimental group exhibited a significant increase in nutrition knowledge from pretest to posttest and significant change in compliance in…

Examines the relations among phonological awareness, short-term memory, orthographic ability, contextual information, and reading skill in a study of 60 functionally illiterate adults enrolled in Adult Basic Education programs and a group of elementary-school children. Concludes that adults seem to be relying less on phonological decoding, which…

The desegregation effectiveness of voluntary plans with magnet schools was compared to that of mandatory reassignment plans with magnet schools using a sample of 20 school districts. Results show that a voluntary magnet plan will provide more long-term interracial exposure than a mandatory plan with magnet components. (SLD)

A survey of 83 private liberal arts colleges investigated the relationship of attainment of enrollment goals and marketing practices. Results are mapped on two grids: perceived marketing plan vs. enrollment goals and actual marketing plan vs. enrollment goals for 1985-90. Additional research on marketing orientation is recommended. Implications…

Compared low-birthweight infants who participated in an intervention involving educational and family support services during the first three years of life with low-birthweight infants who received pediatric follow-up. Intervention group infants scored higher on cognitive tests and lower on measures of behavior problems at 24 and 36 months than…

The effectiveness of community-oriented instruction in teaching and learning about vocational agriculture in Nigeria was studied in a 4-year longitudinal study in 2 universities comparing 80 student teachers in the treatment condition and 80 control students. Results support the effectiveness of community-oriented instruction in vocational…

Compares reading achievement of at-risk primary-school students participating in a systematic, sequential, multisensory, synthetic, phonetically based approach to reading (Project Read) to reading achievement of students instructed through the use of traditional basal readers. Finds significant differences at first grade for all subtests and the…