It is important to understand the mechanisms behind student academic engagement, as engagement in school is associated with a host of positive outcomes. As children mature, their peers become more important compared to adults in regard to their emotional engagement in school. Thus, this study sought to examine an aspect of peer relations,…

A growing body of research examines variables that may improve or impede helpful bystander action to prevent peer sexual assault among adolescents. The current study examines how individual and relational variables distinguish youth who respond to sexual violence in unhelpful versus helpful ways. Students were given a survey to assess frequency of…

The development of the ability to anticipate--as manifested by preparatory actions and neural activation related to the expectation of an upcoming stimulus--may play a key role in the ontogeny of cognitive skills more broadly. This preregistered study examined anticipatory brain potentials and behavioral responses (reaction time; RT) to…

The authors sought to further the understanding of reading processes and their links to comprehension using two reading tasks for elementary-grade students. One hundred sixty-six students in grades 2-5 were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: reading with questions presented concurrently with text or reading with questions presented after…

Although self-regulated learning (SRL) is becoming increasingly important in modern educational contexts, disagreements exist regarding its measurement. One particularly important issue is whether self-reports represent valid ways to measure this process. Several researchers have advocated the use of behavioral indicators of SRL instead. An…

For decades, scholars have argued that civic education practices, such as debates on controversial issues, have the capacity to enhance civic outcomes, including political knowledge, attentiveness, and interest. This study bridges the literature on political science education and political behavior by employing an experimental approach to assess…

The present work examines the impact of code-switching (CS) on novel word learning in adult second language (L2) learners of Spanish. Participants completed two sessions (1-3 days apart). In the first session, they were taught 32 nonwords corresponding to novel creatures. Training occurred across 4 conditions: (1) a sentence in English only, (2) a…

Informational and behavioral barriers hinder social benefit take-up. We investigate the impact of mitigating these barriers through providing personalized information on benefits application status and application assistance on filing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), the gateway to college financial aid. Through a…

Background: Eating disorders (ED) are a concern on college campuses, yet comprehensive education and awareness is low. Few studies have investigated knowledge of disordered eating not fitting prototypical depictions or recognition of disordered eating in males. Purpose: To assess college students' ability to identify behavioral symptoms of ED in…

Objective: The paper aimed at reviewing the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in children and young persons with learning disabilities in the community. Methods: This paper selected 13 studies based on an adapted definition of psychotherapeutic intervention. These selected studies were appraised with a data collection tool and a…

Language is one of the hallmarks of intelligence, demanding explanation in a theory of human cognition. However, language presents unique practical challenges for quantitative empirical research, making many linguistic theories difficult to test at naturalistic scales. Artificial neural network language models (LMs) provide a new tool for studying…

The pandemic has left students feeling unmotivated and missing class collaboration, resulting in an opportunity to create community. Creating community often occurs when eating food with others. Building upon the need to create community and to help marketing educators create a lesson that easily conveys the nuances of the consumer behavior buying…

Previous event-related potentials (ERP) research has investigated how foreign accent modulates listeners' neural responses to lexical-semantic and morphosyntactic errors. We extended this line of research to consider whether pronunciation errors in Mandarin Chinese are processed differently when a foreign-accented speaker makes them relative to…

The importance of social-emotional competence, executive functioning, and behavioural recognition of patterns by young children is receiving increased attention from researchers, schools, parents, and teachers due to the beneficial outcomes of children who have skills in each. This paper presents studies of the correlations between these variables…

A fundamental property of extinction is that the behavior that is suppressed during extinction can be unmasked through a number of postextinction procedures. Of the commonly studied unmasking procedures (spontaneous recovery, reinstatement, contextual renewal, and rapid reacquisition), rapid reacquisition is the only approach that allows a direct…