A decision consistency (DC) index is an estimate of the consistency of a classification decision on an exam. More specifically, DC estimates the percentage of examinees that would have the same classification decision on an exam if they were to retake the same or a parallel form of the exam again without memory of taking the exam the first time.…

When it is required to estimate item parameters of a large item bank, Multiple Matrix Sampling (MMS) design provides an efficient way while minimizing the test burden on students. The current study exemplifies how to calibrate a large item pool using MMS design for various purposes, such as developing a CAT administration. The purpose of the…

In sample survey analysis, accurate population mean estimation is an important task, but traditional approaches frequently ignore the intricacies of real-world data, leading to biassed results. In order to handle uncertainties, indeterminacies, and ambiguity, this work presents an innovative approach based on neutrosophic statistics. We proposed…

Test score comparability in international large-scale assessments (LSA) is of utmost importance in measuring the effectiveness of education systems and understanding the impact of education on economic growth. To effectively compare test scores on an international scale, score linking is widely used to convert raw scores from different linguistic…

Educational assessment is used throughout the world for a range of different formative and summative purposes. Wherever an assessment is developed, whether by a teacher creating a quiz for their class, or by a testing company creating a high stakes assessment, it is necessary to decide how long the test should be. Specifically, how many questions…

The aim of this study is to compare the results of correlation coefficient estimation of reliability with those obtained through the Bland-Altman plot technique. The scale was first divided into two halves using three different approaches. A linear and high-level relationship was found between the scale scores obtained from the halved forms.…

The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate a multilingual automated essay scoring (AES) system for grading essays in three languages. Two different sentence embedding models were evaluated within the AES system, multilingual BERT (mBERT) and language-agnostic BERT sentence embedding (LaBSE). German, Italian, and Czech essays were…

Students are assessed by coursework and/or exams, all of which are marked by assessors (markers). Student and marker performances are then subject to end-of-session board of examiner handling and analysis. This occurs annually and is the basis for evaluating students but also the wider learning and teaching efficiency of an academic institution.…

This article examines the risk of crossover contamination in individual-level randomization, a common concern in experimental research, in the context of a large-enrollment college course. While individual-level randomization is more efficient for assessing program effectiveness, it also increases the potential for control group students to cross…

Relative adiposity (%Fat) was measured using a smartphone-based application in a convenience sample of adults aged 20-52 years (n = 32, 68.7% female, 84.3% White/Caucasian, 26.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2) across different body positions (Anterior versus Posterior) on consecutive days (Day 1 versus Day 2). A reference photo was obtained from the posterior view…

Students' expectations for their laboratory coursework are theorized to have an impact on their learning experiences and behaviors, such as engagement. Before students' expectations and engagement can be explored in different types of undergraduate chemistry laboratory courses, appropriate measures of these constructs must be identified, and…

A test battery with two different levels of adaptation is presented: a within-subtest level for the selection of the items in the subtests and a between-subtest level to move from one subtest to the next. The battery runs on a two-level model consisting of a regular response model for each of the subtests extended with a second level for the joint…

Mediation analysis plays an important role in understanding causal processes in social and behavioral sciences. While path analysis with composite scores was criticized to yield biased parameter estimates when variables contain measurement errors, recent literature has pointed out that the population values of parameters of latent-variable models…

Magnet schools have been a main tool or innovation in urban education settings in the United States, originating in the early 1970's and expanding into most large urban districts today (Blank, 1989). While some magnet schools do not rely on a specific criterion to determine entry, many do. This study focuses on such a setting where students must…

This dissertation describes an experiment to investigate how learners with different levels of background in computer science learn core concepts of computer science, in particular, algorithms. We designed a study to focus on cognitive task analysis for eliciting the empirical mental elements of learning two graph algorithms. Cognitive workload…