In most countries in the world, the democratization of education is a major concern of educational and social planners. This report reviews and briefly describes research and development programs in countries other than the United States. The review suggests that the concerns and the patterns being followed generally parallel activities in the…

The terms "educationally disadvantaged" and "compensatory education" are defined in many ways. "Compensation" implies a deficit which must be overcome, but there is little agreement on where the deficiency is located--in the child, his family or home, his school, or all of these. In general, it is agreed that school…

Education is an integral part of the urban crisis. The shape of urban education in the 1980s will be determined by the extent to which education planners and decision makers relate their activities to other facets of "the larger urban problems." (Author)

This document reviews the history of compensatory education programs under the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (Chapter 1), assesses the programs' current status, and speculates on their future paths. Part 1 is a historical review of compensatory education, identifying strategies, programs and services provided, ways it has been…

Since the early 1960s, there has been an outpouring of research and a mounting of programs and projects dealing with compensatory education for the disadvantaged. Despite continued debate over what constitutes compensatory education, many programs for the educationally disadvantaged share common characteristics. Three of the largest Federally…

The education and socialization of immigrant children and youths is a problem for educators and policy makers around the world, particularly in developed countries. The challenge is to achieve social equality or at least equal social opportunity for minorities; the dilemma is whether the culture of these immigrants should be replaced by that of…

This paper presents a conceptual overview of issues relating to the education of the disadvantaged. Problems of identification and definition of the disadvantaged are discussed in terms of compensatory education. Concepts regarding "disadvantage" that underlie many of the compensatory instructional intervention programs are described, as…

It is not easy to describe American efforts during the past dozen or so years aimed at improving the quality of education for all, with particular attention to those termed "the disadvantaged." The difficulties stem from the diversity of activities and programs, the ebb and flow of various efforts, the responses and resistances to legislative and…

Cities encompass a variety of environments and children interact with these environments in different ways with different impacts resulting. Such factors as socioeconomic class, race, ethnicity, and recency of in-migration all affect the nature and extent of environmental impact on individuals. Inequalities in housing, economic and educational…

The reported failure of urban schools has been well documented by various government commissions. To remedy this situation, quality and equality of education must be insured. Research and development on disadvantaged populations has increased in an effort to reverse the effects of traditional pedagogical methods. Numerous programs for early…

Evaluations of compensatory education programs provided under Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA) indicate that the traditional provision of a less challenging curriculum, limited achievement goals, and emphasis on pull-out programs for compensatory instruction actually hamper the ability of low-achieving students…

The papers presented at this conference review current research on effective educational practices for low-achieving students and identify those that might be applied to programs funded under Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981. A function assumed by several conference participants was to act as reactor to papers…

It is more than a quarter century since Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965, the first major Federal legislation authorizing funds for compensatory education for the disadvantaged, came into effect. In 1981, Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA) replaced Title I. Some Federal funding…

This paper suggests 15 steps school superintendents can take to help close the gap between the educationally disadvantaged and other student populations. Superintendents should do the following: (1) create a vision of what an achieving educational community is; (2) implement goals and strategies which create a positive educational climate; (3)…