Contribution: This article proposes the systematic integration of embedded systems into training hardware to bridge the gap in structured troubleshooting education. Traditional methods often rely on manual explanations, virtual simulations, or on-the-job training, which lack structured learning experiences. The proof-of-work module, developed…

In the context of a rapid digital transformation, digital competence is now regarded as a fourth cultural skill complementing reading, writing, and arithmetic. We argue that a well-structured and sound competence model is needed as a shared foundation for learning, teaching, pedagogical diagnostics and evaluative schemes in the school system.…

In this exploratory qualitative study, we describe instructors' self-reported practices for teaching and assessing students' ability to troubleshoot in electronics lab courses. We collected audio data from interviews with 20 electronics instructors from 18 institutions that varied by size, selectivity, and other factors. In addition to describing…