The current crisis in education, coupled with the changing work force and changing business needs in the 1990s, poses a challenge for vocational education. Competency-based vocational education needs to evaluate its competencies to see if training graduates to meet them will serve the needs of the new work situation and keep the United States…

A task force was convened to identify the nature, extent, and pattern of skill needs and shortages for managerial occupations in the United Kingdom (UK). The task force began by examining the key challenges facing managers in the UK. The following factors were among those considered: economic policies promoting liberalization and deregulation;…