From the chaos of 2020 arose many social conversations, among which were the legal rights of gay and transgender Americans. Landmark cases established precedents for potential legislation and reform regarding the transgender community. One particular issue is that of transgender athletes in college sports. While many are in staunch opposition to a…

Chapter 16 of a book on school law provides a legal overview of employment discrimination on the basis of race. A litany of cases has been adjudicated or are currently in litigation. Selected cases are reviewed briefly and arguments for and against the affirmative action guidelines are presented. The main area of complaint about the guidelines is…

Examines the job applications of leading companies and reports on questions that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission might find unacceptable. Outlines possible remedies. (IRT)

The purposes, functions, and underlying policies of both rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Title VII indicate that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission should be required to certify when it brings class action suits. Available from University of Chicago Law School, 1111 E. 60th St., Chicago, IL 60637; single issue $3.50.…

Guidelines concerning sexual harassment of employees at educational institutions under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are considered. November 1980 final interpretive guidelines issued by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission state that Title VII prohibits sexual harassment of employees, that employers are responsible for the…

This chapter provides an analysis of seniority rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which bars discrimination in employment. Two legal theories have arisen in assessing Title VII claims: discriminatory treatment, in which the burden of proof of discriminatory intent lies with the plaintiff, and discriminatory impact of neutral…

Cites court cases and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidelines that affix employer liability for sexual harassment. Offers management advice on developing policies and practices for dealing with sexual harassment that are based on responses from 74 "Fortune 500" firms. (Author/MLF)

Sexual harassment is a problem in high schools, on college campuses, and in the workplace, although unclear definitions and misinterpretations of sexual harassment have led many to believe that the amount of sexual harassment that occurs is minimal. Sexual harassment has been defined as a continuum of behaviors, with physical sexual assault at one…

Considers the courts' and enforcing agencies' interpretations of the requirements that Title VII imposes on employers and then analyzes the implications for performance appraisal systems. Among the implications are that appraisal systems should be as formal, standard, objective, and job-related as possible. (Author/IRT)

Reviews the law and regulations developing in the area of employers' right to ban foreign languages during the work day. Management is advised to inventory the times, places, and occasions when English is essential and to publicize a rule covering such circumstances. (Author/MLF)

Examines interpreting the application of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and Title VII to religious institutions in light of the two religious clauses in the First Amendment, one protecting free exercise of religion, and the other prohibiting an establishment of religion. (103 footnotes) (MLF)

Public employers' affirmative-action programs may be challenged for "reverse discrimination" under either Title VII or the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. (26 footnotes) (MLF)

Many federal laws, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, have enabled women and minorities access to the workplace. These same laws have mandated that employers prevent discrimination against women and minorities, yet when employers utilize various strategies for eliminating discrimination in the workplace, they have found themselves…

Explains to colleges and universities the import of the Supreme Court' Title VII clarifications in the Burlington, Faragher, and Oncale decisions, discusses post-decision cases in the educational context, and recommends measures that educational institutions can take to safeguard themselves from discrimination and harassment complaints and…

These instructional materials focus on federal laws and executive orders that prohibit sex discrimination in employment and education. The materials consist of the following: (1) a list of some of the legislation covered; (2) a list of relevant materials and resources; (3) a list of 14 instructional activities, each described by one or a few…