In the school achievement and motivation literature of African American students, one major theme of the literature is a supposed inconsistency or discrepancy in African American students' value and expectations for their academic achievement and their actual levels of achievement. The discrepancy between Black students' achievement ideologies and…

Children of ages 5 and 8 years were given one of three learning tasks: a component selection problem, in which the two components of the stimuli were redundant and could both serve as functional cues, and two incidental learning tasks, in which one stimulus component was task-relevant and the other was incidental. Results suggest a developmental…

The isolation of the components of intelligent performance and applicability of the componential analysis method to tasks other than analogies are discussed. The article also examines the structure of a componential analysis, the precuing method of task decomposition, and new methods for isolating components in a variety of reasoning tasks.…

Missionary zeal must be supplemented by rigorous empirical research if environmental education is to efficiently contribute to the alleviation of environmental problems. Objectives pertinent to all programs are proposed, folklore influencing these programs is identified, and research issues fundamental to increasing the contributions of…

A planning model for the identification of components, activities, and tasks in educational programs and problem solving situations is described. (RAO)

The learning machine described in this paper acquires concepts representable as conjunctive forms of the predicate calculus and behaviors representable as productions (antecedent-consequent pairs of such conjunctive forms): these concepts and behavior rules are inferred from sequentially presented pairs of examples by an algorithm that is probably…

An information-processing framework is presented for understanding intelligence. Two levels of processing are discussed: the steps involved in solving a complex intellectual task, and higher-order processes used to decide how to solve the problem. (MH)

A six-process theory of analogical reasoning was tested by administering verbal analogy items to students in grades 3 through college. The items were classified according to five verbal relations: synonyms, antonyms, functional, linear ordering, and class membership. A new method of componential analysis that does not require precueing was used to…