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Yu-Sheng Su; Shuwen Wang; Xiaohong Liu – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2024
Pair programming (PP) can help improve students' computational thinking (CT), but the trajectory of CT skills and the differences between high-scoring and low-scoring students in PP are unknown and need further exploration. In this study, a total of 32 fifth graders worked on Scratch tasks in 16 pairs. The group discourse of three learning topics…
Descriptors: Epistemology, Network Analysis, Elementary School Students, Computation
Ibrahim Cetin; Tarik Otu – International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools, 2023
The purpose of the current study was to explore the effect of modality (constructionist mBlock, Scratch, and Python interventions) on six-grade students' computational thinking, programming attitude, and achievement. The pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design was used to explore the research questions. The study group consisted of 105…
Descriptors: Computation, Thinking Skills, Student Attitudes, Programming
Xinli Zhang; Yuchen Chen; Lailin Hu; Gwo-Jen Hwang; Yun-Fang Tu – International Journal of STEM Education, 2025
Background: In the digital age, fostering young children's computational thinking (CT) and executive functions (EFs) through programming has emerged as a significant research issue. While unplugged programming activities are commonly adopted in preschools, robot programming activities have recently gained attention for the potential to enhance…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Computation, Executive Function, Programming
João Piedade; Nuno Dorotea – Informatics in Education, 2023
Computational Thinking (CT) has emerged in recent years as a thematic trend in education in many countries and several initiatives have been developed for its inclusion in school curricula. There are many pedagogical strategies to promote the development of elementary school students' CT skills and knowledge. Unplugged learning tasks, block-based…
Descriptors: Programming, Programming Languages, Grade 4, Elementary School Students
Semra Fis Erümit – International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools, 2024
This study investigates the contribution of plugged and un-plugged activities to primary school students' development of computational thinking skills. The plugged and unplugged activities were used together in this study. In the implementation, in addition to the un-plugged activities prepared by the "Ministry of National Education,"…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Thinking Skills, Computation, Programming
Nardie Fanchamps; Emily van Gool; Lou Slangen; Paul Hennissen – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
Learning basic concepts of programming resulting in a development on computational thinking (CT) can be reached by means of digital programming environments. As a counterpart, the application of unplugged programming activities seems also to have promising potential regarding the impact on CT. The main characteristic of unplugged programming is…
Descriptors: Computation, Thinking Skills, Programming, Computer Peripherals
Metcalf, Shari J.; Reilly, Joseph M.; Jeon, Soobin; Wang, Annie; Pyers, Allyson; Brennan, Karen; Dede, Chris – Computer Science Education, 2021
Background and Context: This study looks at computational thinking (CT) assessment of programming artifacts within the context of CT integrated with science education through computational modeling. Objective: The goal is to explore methodologies for assessment of student-constructed computational models through two lenses: functionality and…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Computation, Thinking Skills, Science Education
Kesler, Avital; Shamir-Inbal, Tamar; Blau, Ina – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2022
The integration of visual programming in early formal education has been found to promote computational thinking of students. Teachers' intuitive perspectives about optimal learning processes -- "folk psychology" -- impact their perspectives about teaching "folk pedagogy" and play a significant role in integrating educational…
Descriptors: Programming, Coding, Constructivism (Learning), Intuition
Lihui Sun; Junjie Liu – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2024
Computational thinking (CT), as a new future-oriented literacy, has gained attention at the basic education level. Graphical programming is the common way to develop CT in primary students, but this drag-and-drop programming may weaken students' understanding of programming's abstract concepts and code logic. Text-based programming approaches can…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Computation, Programming, Gamification
Gary K. W. Wong; Shan Jian; Ho-Yin Cheung – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
This study examined the developmental process of children's computational thinking using block-based programming tools, specifically algorithmic thinking and debugging skills. With this aim, a group of children (N = 191) from two primary schools were studied for two years beginning from the fourth grade, as they engaged in our block-based…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Skill Development, Computation, Algorithms
Xu, Enwei; Wang, Wei; Wang, Qingxia – Education and Information Technologies, 2023
Computational thinking is considered to be an important competence in the intelligent era, and the incorporation of computational thinking as an integral part of school education beginning in childhood has been proposed. However, the ways in which computational thinking can be taught more effectively the context of in K-12 programming teaching…
Descriptors: Programming, Instructional Effectiveness, Elementary School Students, Secondary School Students
Shu-Jie Chen; Xiaofen Shan; Ze-Min Liu; Chuang-Qi Chen – Educational Technology & Society, 2025
The introduction of programming education in K-12 schools to promote computational thinking has attracted a great deal of attention from scholars and educators. Debugging code is a central skill for students, but is also a considerable challenge when learning to program. Learners at the K-12 level often lack confidence in programming debugging due…
Descriptors: Programming, Coding, Elementary School Students, Secondary School Students
Miaoting Cheng; Xiaoyan Lai; Da Tao; Juntong Lai; Jun Yang – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
While numerous studies have highlighted the potential benefits of programming environment (PE) use for children's learning, the boundary conditions of children's PE acceptance within the programming education context are less clear. This study fills this gap in the literature by investigating the critical determinants of children's PE use…
Descriptors: Programming, Intention, Competition, Computation
Peter J. Rich; Scott Bartholomew; David Daniel; Kenzie Dinsmoor; Meagan Nielsen; Connor Reynolds; Meg Swanson; Ellyse Winward; Jessica Yauney – Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2024
In this study, we attempted to curate a list of tools whose primary intent is to enable and teach children to code. From this list, we developed a framework for the classification of coding tools and reviewed current research to determine how tools are used to teach coding in elementary education. The catalog grew to over 300 specific tools…
Descriptors: Educational Trends, Teaching Methods, Coding, Thinking Skills
Mehmet Küçük; Tarik Talan; Muhammet Demirbilek – Informatics in Education, 2024
This study investigated the effects of 3D model building activities with block codes on students' spatial thinking and computational thinking skills. The study group consists of 5th grade students in a secondary school in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. For the study, a pretestposttest control group was utilized within the experimental…
Descriptors: Computation, Thinking Skills, Spatial Ability, Programming