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Download full textDonoghue, John R.; McClellan, Catherine A.; Hess, Melinda R. – ETS Research Report Series, 2022
When constructed-response items are administered for a second time, it is necessary to evaluate whether the current Time B administration's raters have drifted from the scoring of the original administration at Time A. To study this, Time A papers are sampled and rescored by Time B scorers. Commonly the scores are compared using the proportion of…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Construction, Scoring, Testing
Livingston, Samuel A.; Chen, Haiwen H. – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
Quantitative information about test score reliability can be presented in terms of the distribution of equated scores on an alternate form of the test for test takers with a given score on the form taken. In this paper, we describe a procedure for estimating that distribution, for any specified score on the test form taken, by estimating the joint…
Descriptors: Scores, Statistical Distributions, Research Reports, Equated Scores
Ali, Usama S.; Walker, Michael E. – ETS Research Report Series, 2014
Two methods are currently in use at Educational Testing Service (ETS) for equating observed item difficulty statistics. The first method involves the linear equating of item statistics in an observed sample to reference statistics on the same items. The second method, or the item response curve (IRC) method, involves the summation of conditional…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Test Items, Equated Scores, Causal Models
Kim, Sooyeon; Moses, Tim; Yoo, Hanwook Henry – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
The purpose of this inquiry was to investigate the effectiveness of item response theory (IRT) proficiency estimators in terms of estimation bias and error under multistage testing (MST). We chose a 2-stage MST design in which 1 adaptation to the examinees' ability levels takes place. It includes 4 modules (1 at Stage 1, 3 at Stage 2) and 3 paths…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Computation, Statistical Bias, Error of Measurement
Haberman, Shelby J. – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
Continuous exponential families may be employed to find continuous distributions with the same initial moments as the discrete distributions encountered in typical applications of classical equating. These continuous distributions provide distribution functions and quantile functions that may be employed in equating. To illustrate, an application…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Statistical Distributions, Probability, Computation
Haberman, Shelby J. – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
Continuous exponential families are applied to linking forms via a single-group design. In this application, a distribution from the continuous bivariate exponential family is used that has selected moments that match those of the bivariate distribution of scores on the forms to be linked. The selected continuous bivariate distribution then yields…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Probability, Statistical Distributions, Models
