How teachers can diagnose difficulties with computation is discussed, with emphasis on how to develop diagnostic tests. How to use such tests to plan remediation is considered in terms of several types of errors. (MN)

The authors attempt to determine the effects of the use of direct and "combinations of tens" methods of two column-addition, ability, and grade level as factors in column addition efficiency. (MN)

Sixteen Brazilian third graders aged 8-13 were given problems involving multidigit computation. School-taught algorithms were likely to be used in school-taught problems, with little carry-over to real problem situations, but resulted in more incorrect answers. (MNS)

When problems defy solution, mathematicians can settle for "almost." This branch of mathematics (called computational complexity) encompasses both the number of parts involved in a problem and the intricacy of their interrelatedness. Current research in this area is discussed, considering various computer applications involved. (JN)

Three alternative methods of finding averages of two numbers are presented. (MP)

Two mental algorithms, one for addition and one for subtraction, are described. It is felt such algorithms should be taught explicitly. The usual process taught for paper and pencil is seen to inhibit mental arithmetic, and a need to include mental algorithms in the regular mathematics curriculum is promoted. (MP)

Describes a multicultural enrichment project for 4th graders that highlights number systems and computation algorithms of various cultures. Discusses student responses and reactions. (KHR)

The use of developmental algorithms to develop skills is described. Children make the transition from using concrete materials to using a standard algorithm. (MNS)

Shows how to model Newton's method for approximating roots on a spreadsheet. (MKR)

Use of low-stress algorithms to reduce the cognitive load on students is advocated. The low-stress algorithm for addition developed by Hutchings is detailed first. Then a variation on the usual algorithm is proposed: adding from left to right, writing the partial sum for each stage. Next, a "quick addition" method for adding fractions proposed by…

The calculator is used to investigate properties and characteristics of certain unary operations. These include how a number is related to the number resulting from a unary operation and the result of two unary operations. A discussion of the calculator algorithm to accomplish a series of unary operations is given. Record sheets to summarize…

This experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of three forms of an algorithm of known effectiveness and the effects of its availability following initial instruction. The dependent variable was time to solve computational problems requiring rule application. The algorithm was presented in three forms: prose, flowchart, and gradual…

The changing role of computational skills is discussed. A level of computational skill desirable in light of predictable future needs is proposed, and four reasons for advocating that level are discussed. (MN)

Assessment data on student achievement are analyzed to trace performance on some computational skills, with areas of needed improvement identified. (MN)