Spatial abilities are fundamental to human functioning in the physical world. Spatial reasoning allows people to use concepts of shape, features, and relationships in both concrete and abstract ways, to make and use things in the world, to navigate, and to communicate. Surgeons, pilots, architects, engineers, mechanics, builders, farmers, trades…

Three treatments were conducted with 57 computer-assisted design students: students worked individually as instructors presented new commands, a second group worked cooperatively, and a third combined individual and cooperative approaches. No significant differences were found in achievement or attitudes. Cooperative learning may enable more…