Realistic visualizations are abundantly used in digital education. However, the use of realism is still thought to risk a cognitive overload due to excessive details. Moreover, it is still not precisely known whether there is an optimal level of realism that benefits learners the most. In two experimental studies, different versions of anatomical…

Throughout this study, tutorial and demonstration methods in photo editing instruction were compared. The instruction method was the independent variable of the study while cognitive load, state anxiety level, student performance, student achievement, and task duration were dependent variables. The research was conducted with 62 undergraduate…

The objective of this research is to validate the algorithm of learning effort which is an indicator of a new real-time and non-interfering based diagnostic technique. IC3 Mentor, the adaptive e-learning platform fulfilling the requirements of intelligent tutor system, was applied to 165 university students. The learning records of the subjects…

The IRT (Item Response Theory) has been studied and applied in computer-based test for decades. However, almost of all these existing studies evaluated focus merely on test questions with text-based (or static text/graphic) type of presentation form illustrated exclusively. In this paper, we present our study on test questions using both…