Prior research on the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP), a computer-adaptive test distributed by the Northwest Evaluation Association, has primarily focused on the Reading MAP for screening/benchmarking in elementary grades. The purpose of this study was to explore the functional form of growth and the extent to which student variability in…

Digital transformations within educational systems are recurrently justified by their promise to enhance learning activities and outcomes. We examine this claim in a study of pupils' perception and experiences with computer-based adaptive tests in higher classes in Danish public primary schools. The study relies on survey and interview data and…

The German national educational standards state explicitly that students should be enabled to successfully interact with dynamic geometry software. In a feasibility study on providing a standardized assessment instrument by digital means, in order to assess students' mathematical competencies, the implementation of a task with such a dynamic…

Online assessments of learning, or online exams, have become increasingly widespread with the rise of distance learning. Online exams are preferred by many students and are perceived as a quick and easy tool to measure knowledge. On the contrary, some students are concerned about the possibility of cheating and technological difficulties in online…

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are a popular assessment method because they enable automated evaluation, flexible administration and use with huge groups. Despite these benefits, the manual construction of MCQs is challenging, time-consuming and error-prone. This is because each MCQ is comprised of a question called the "stem", a…

Short-Answer Grading (SAG) is a time-consuming task for teachers that automated SAG models have long promised to make easier. However, there are three challenges for their broad-scale adoption: A technical challenge regarding the need for high-quality models, which is exacerbated for languages with fewer resources than English; a usability…

COVID-19 significantly contributed to increasing use of online assessment in education, including physical education. Teachers still need online assessments in face-to-face learning because they help them improve a practical, objective, and credible assessment process for students' learning performance. This research aimed at tracking the…

This study examines log data from proctored examinations from two classes offered as part of a large online graduate program in computer science. In these two classes, students are permitted to access any internet content during their exams, which themselves have remained largely unchanged over the last several semesters. As a result, when ChatGPT…

One of the biggest challenges for online learning is upholding academic integrity in online assessments. In particular, institutions and faculties attach importance to exam security and academic dishonesty in the online learning process. The aim of this study was to compare the test-taking behaviors and academic achievements of students in…

Automatic grading of short answers is an important task in computer-assisted assessment (CAA). Recently, embeddings, as semantic-rich textual representations, have been increasingly used to represent short answers and predict the grade. Despite the recent trend of applying embeddings in automatic short answer grading (ASAG), there are no…

As the COVID-19 pandemic motivated a shift to virtual teaching, exams have increasingly moved online too. Detecting cheating through collusion is not easy when tech-savvy students take online exams at home and on their own devices. Such online at-home exams may tempt students to collude and share materials and answers. However, online exams'…

Background: Critical thinking (CT) has been identified as one of the key skills in the modern world. Despite a variety of CT assessment systems for secondary school and higher education, there is a shortage of CT assessments for children. Aims: To fill the gap, we developed a computer-based performance assessment (CPBA) of CT with automatic…

Automatic short answer grading (ASAG) is a challenging task that aims to predict a score for a given student response. Previous works on ASAG mainly use nonneural or neural methods. However, the former depends on handcrafted features and is limited by its inflexibility and high cost, and the latter ignores global word cooccurrence in a corpus and…

Developments in the field of education have significantly affected test development processes, and computer-based test applications have been started in many institutions. In our country, research on the application of measurement and evaluation tools in the computer environment for use with distance education is gaining momentum. A large pool of…

In the last few decades, the expansion of online learning and online assessment has attracted both negative and positive attention, some of which has celebrated the flexibility and individualised affordances of online learning contexts, while also lamenting the overuse of one-size-fits-all teaching approaches. Virtual learning contexts have been…