In this digital age, digital multimodal composing (DMC) has permeated the L2 classroom as a technology-enhanced L2 writing task. Despite the learning potential of DMC for L2 students, instruments that measure L2 students' DMC competence are rare. As such, the present study sought to develop and validate an L2 student DMC competence scale in the…

The term "digital wilds" has come to refer to the non-formal online spaces in and through which additional language (L2) learner-users, using a multifarious array of tools, platforms, and services, autonomously navigate personal learning trajectories (Sauro & Zourou, 2019), developing L2 digital literacies-mediated identities needed…

The purpose of this study was to provide recommendations to solve the problem of a lack of computer skills among Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) 4 and 5 learners at the Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) Center. The problem was that CLB 4 and 5 learners do not have basic computer skills. When the school switched to online mode…

This study aims to test a model investigating the contribution of computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, constructivist teaching beliefs, and computer attitude to predicting English student teachers' behavioral intention to use information and communication technologies (ICT) in their future classes. The sample of the study consists of 861…

This study addresses the urgent need to develop innovative pedagogies that build upon and enhance the digital literacies and representational practices of culturally and linguistically diverse youth from refugee backgrounds. In Canadian high schools, this population of students enter school with varying levels of literacy in their first…

This study aimed at investigating factors including gender, prior experience of hybrid learning, and computer literacy that affect students' attitudes toward hybrid learning with reference to different learning aspects. The study adopted a survey research methodology using a questionnaire and examined 879 students who had enrolled in hybrid…

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore Chilean higher education English as a foreign language (EFL) students' perceptions toward components of their fully online learning experience and their computer self-efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess how these variables are influenced by age, gender, and language proficiency.…

Promoting students' digital literacy has become a significant challenge for educational authorities and course designers. However, very limited attention has been directed toward junior high school students' digital literacy in the literature of computer-assisted language learning (CALL). Thus, this mixed-methods study explored junior high school…

The recent advancement of digital technologies has triggered a prominent shift within the field of language education. Considering the teachers' vital roles in adopting modern instructional technologies, this study investigates in-service EFL teachers' TPACK self-efficacy levels, explores the relationship between their TPACK self-efficacy levels…

The increasing use of computer-based mode in language testing raises concern over its similarities with and differences from paper-based format. The present study aimed to delineate discrepancies between TOEFL PBT and CBT. For that objective, a quantitative method was employed to probe into scores equivalence, the performance of male-female…

The use of Digital Based Instruction (DBI) nowadays seems to have many obstacles and difficulties. It is due to lack of digital literacy both lecturers and students. Meanwhile, many advantages also emerge through the use of DBI. It becomes the reason for the lecturers to keep on trying to develop their digital literacy to occupy the need of DBI to…

This study investigates the relationship between attitudinal and non-attitudinal variables that impact digital technology use by EFL students in Vietnam. An adapted questionnaire was administered to 1,005 students from different tertiary courses. The results showed that students have a positive attitude to the use of technology and sometimes apply…

The purpose of this research is to check the efficacy of blended mode of learning in ESL (English as a Second Language) classrooms in Pakistan under the theoretical construction of Transactional Distance Theory. For this purpose, the data was collected for pre-test, post-test and self-administered questionnaire from 499 ESL learners of private…

Despite the growing attention being paid to the use of Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) in China, it is still uncertain what factors lie behind EFL (English-as-a-foreign-language) learners' continuance intention to use it. To this end, by adding two external factors (i.e., computer self-efficacy and perceived ease of use) to the expectation…

Computer-based testing (CBT), which refers to delivering assessments with computers, has been widely used in large English proficiency tests worldwide. Despite an increasing CBT in China, limited research is available concerning whether CBT can be used for the Test for English Majors-Band 4 (TEM 4). The current study investigated whether testing…