Presents a model that provide a holistic and humanistic understanding of human systems and various theoretical approaches for helping relationships. Includes a six-stage process for counseling-programming. Limitations on the model are presented. (Author/BW)

Discusses current issues in the design of information systems, noting contributions from three professions--computer science, human factors engineering, and information science. The eclectic nature of human factors engineering and the difficulty of drawing together studies with human engineering or software psychological components from diverse…

A minimal class of cybernetic models needed in making the transition from a description of control systems to a description of social systems is discussed. Several applications are considered in connection with studies of learning and creativity in individuals and small groups. Possible extrapolations of these to social systems are suggested.…