The main goal of the current study is to develop a reliable instrument to measure programming anxiety in university students. A pool of 33 items based on extensive literature review and experts' opinions were created by researchers. The draft scale comprised three factors applied to 392 university students from two different universities in Turkey…

Considerable effort has been invested in innovative practices about teaching programming. Although the usefulness of metacognition in learning process is acknowledged, evidence demonstrating how metacognitive strategies effect in the programming classrooms is still very scarce. Given the importance of metacognitive strategies, this study seeks to…

Many students experience difficulties learning to program. They find learning to program in the object-oriented paradigm particularly challenging. As a result, computing educators have tried a variety of instructional methods to assist beginning programmers. These include developing approaches geared specifically toward novices and experimenting…