Second language (L2) learning research suggests that virtual reality (VR) has the potential to enhance the development of language skills due to its immersive nature and its situated learning opportunities. This quantitative, between-subjects study compared the effectiveness of three learning conditions. University students (N = 63) studied…

The Thai language, which is part of the Indo-Iranian language family, carries on rituals and local knowledge that have been passed down from generation to generation. The Thai National Statistics Office found that 10% of elementary school students in Thailand cannot read. This means that 90% of elementary school students in Thailand can read. The…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Augmented Reality (AR) technology on vocabulary development and attitudes toward AR in pre-school English instruction. The study, which was grounded on a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design, included 36 pre-school children aged from 4 to 5. While the participants in…

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of virtual reality, an emerging technology, to teach college-age students with intellectual disability and autism to acquire science vocabulary words relating to human anatomy. One student with autism and two students with an intellectual disability participated in a multiple baseline across skills…

Virtual reality (VR) can be beneficial for learning and for increasing learners' engagement and motivation. However, aggregations of studies on language learning in high-immersion VR are scarce. This paper offers a systematic review of existing research on VR-based language learning, encompassing 32 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and…

Given that project-based learning (PjBL) allows for hands-on application in realistic contexts and that immersive virtual reality (iVR) allows learners to interact with multiple modalities of information and immerse in a real-world English environment, this study investigates how incorporating iVR technology into PjBL contexts affects students'…

The inconsistent findings about learning outcomes in VR (virtual reality) learning necessitate further robustness of empirical data. This article addressed this gap by comparing the learning outcomes across VR, phone, and mobile learning on two dimensions: recall accuracy and recall speed, as well as learners' attitudes. Additionally, this paper…

Three modes of deliberate vocabulary study were investigated to determine how well they assisted learners' recall of the meaning of target concrete nouns. Two modes of tablet-based augmented reality, one context-independent (AR1) and one context-dependent (AR2), were compared with each other and with paper-based word cards (WC) in the deliberate…

This paper is part 5 of a series of workshops that examines the properties of some simple models of vocabulary networks. While previous workshops dealt with activating words in the network, this workshop focuses on vocabulary loss. We will simulate two possible ways of modelling attrition: (a) explicitly turning active words OFF, and (b) raising…

Virtual Reality applications are predicted to create a paradigm shift in education, but there is little empirical evidence of their educational value. Virtual Reality affordances to support language learning have not yet been realized. This quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of a Virtual Reality application on foreign language…

This research examined the possibility of using Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR), Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and Total Physical Response (TPR) as a new method of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. This study sought to explore the potential benefits of this integration of methodologies in order to facilitate…

This paper presents a new method for accurately measuring the vocabulary size of second language (L2) learners. Traditional vocabulary size tests (VSTs) are limited in capturing a tester's vocabulary and are often population-specific. To overcome these issues, we propose an intelligent vocabulary size measurement method that utilizes massive robot…

Individuals with disabilities have been less involved in school activities than their same age peers and this includes career preparation in science and math (Eriksson et al., 2007; Agran et al., 2020; Jackson et al., 2022). Specifically, individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) have been underrepresented in science education (Lee, 2011)…

Background: As the concept of flipped classrooms continues to gain interest across disciplines, more research is needed to strengthen the instructional design by integrating active learning strategies and emerging technologies. Among various possibilities, little is known about how game-based learning combined with Augmented Reality (AR) can be…

Vocabulary knowledge is essential for students' academic success. Unfortunately, students with language impairments may struggle to understand classroom vocabulary which may significantly impact a student's academic, behavioral, and social outcomes. Although most students with language impairments spend most of their school day in general…