Reviews the literature discussing the effects of instructional software and hardware in elementary and secondary education and reports on recent developments. Topics discussed include criticism of studies on the effects of instructional software; research needs; authoring languages; simulations; intelligent computer-assisted instruction;…

Considers the value and success of computer based marketing simulations from the standpoint of both instructors and participants. Distinctions are drawn between simulations and games; applications in higher education in the United Kingdom are described; future possibilities are suggested; and hidden costs in adopting new innovations are examined.…

Describes a self-administered microcomputer-based simulation that allows teacher educators to create customized simulated classroom experiences for their students. Lesson performance measures are discussed, postlesson feedback variables are described, self-perception measures are explained, and results of a posttraining evaluation of the…

Reviews theories of anchored instruction and addresses issues related to learning, transfer, and assessment. Highlights include video-based macrocontexts; videodisc anchors versus computer-based simulations; cooperative learning; transfer outside the classroom; authenticity; visual anchors versus verbal anchors; situated cognition; and using…

Describes the development of a science-based computer simulation for sixth graders on global warming that integrated research, writing, speaking, science lab, and computer skills. Highlights include teacher/librarian collaboration; problem-based learning; building knowledge; design and planning; creating Web pages; gathering, organizing, and…

In the fall of 1996, the Arkansas Archeological Survey and the Department of Foreign Languages at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville received a $180,000 grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities Teaching With Technology program. The goal of this grant initiative was to encourage creation of content-rich, computer-based materials…

This article draws on second language theory, particularly output theory as defined by Swain (1995), in order to conceptualise observations made in a computer-assisted language learning setting. It investigates second language output and learner behaviour within an electronic role-play setting, based on a subject-specific problem solving task and…

Computer simulations under three conditions of polytomous differential item functioning (DIF) compared the ability of three different statistical procedures to detect nonuniform DIF. The procedures were a nominal and an ordinal extension of the Mantel-Haenszel statistic, and logistic discriminant function analysis. Results showed that only the…

Previous research examining the effects of reducing the number of score groups used in the matching criterion of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure, when screening for differential item functioning, has produced ambiguous results. The goal of this study was to resolve the ambiguity by examining the problem with a simulated data set. The main results…

Reports on the Generating Long-term Options by Using Simulation (GLOBUS) computer simulator, which creates models of the world to 2010 taking into account variable actions and behaviors. States that simulations to date permit limited optimism for the next 20 to 40 years. (CH)

The Army hired the Center for Instructional Development and Evaluation at the University of Maryland to design a system of individualized self-paced literacy lessons for military trainees. The Space Time Army Reconnaissance System is structured according to Gagne's model of instructional events and capitalizes on its audience's interest in video…

Briefly discusses three different approaches to instruction and differences between education and training, and proposes a system for categorizing different types of instructional software currently available: memorization software for education (drill and practice) and for training (simulations), and performance aid software (intelligent computer…

Describes a program which simulates the kinetic behavior of a "typical" enzyme. Program objectives, background to the kinetic model used in the simulation, major program features, typical results obtained, and a note on the availability of the program (written in BASIC for Commodore microcomputer) are included. (JN)

Describes an exercise in biometrical genetics based on the noninteractive use of a computer simulation of a wheat hydridization program. Advantages of using the material in this way are also discussed. (Author/JN)

The probabilities of attaining varying magnitudes of standardized effect sizes by chance and when protected by a 0.05 level statistical test were studied. Monte Carlo procedures were used to generate standardized effect sizes in a one-way analysis of variance situation with 2 through 5, 6, 8, and 10 groups with selected sample sizes from 5 to 500.…