The architecture of the micro-learning platform mixed with gamification via metaverse is a research tool that was initiated by the concepts of micro-learning integrated with the gamification mechanism. It is intended to be employed as a guideline for the instruction management that encourages learners to perform self-learning with small or short…

The architecture of the service platform via AI chatbots is a research tool which was fabricated to specifically promote digital competency through the use of AI chatbots. The architecture of the service platform herein was initiated by the application of artificial intelligence technology integrated with chatbot technology to create the user…

The problem-based learning model via cloud technology (PBL model via cloud technology) is a research tool fabricated with the concepts of problem-based learning management, in which students are stimulated and enabled to foresee the problems that will arise. Also, in this learning style, teachers will define the problem situations and encourage…