Although stories for children often feature supernatural and fantastical events, children themselves often prefer realistic events when choosing what should happen in a story. In two experiments, we investigated whether 3- to 5-year-olds (total N = 240 from diverse backgrounds) might be more likely to include fantastical events in stories about…

The paper discusses an alternative method of assessing the difficulty of pupils' programming tasks to determine their age appropriateness. Building a program takes the form of its successive iterations. Thus, it is possible to monitor the number of times such a program was built by the solver. The variance of the number of program builds can be…

This study proposes a two-stage causal modeling with instrumental variables to mitigate selection bias, provide correct standard error estimates, and address nonnormal and missing data issues simultaneously. Bayesian methods are used for model estimation. Robust methods with Student's "t" distributions are used to account for nonnormal…

Background: In the United States, 68% of children do not get the recommended nine hours of sleep, which can lead to many negative health outcomes (e.g., mental health). Mindfulness meditation mobile apps may be an option for improving children's sleep and mental health outcomes; however, there is limited research on how children across different…

The introduction of modern vocal teaching techniques will promote the change in the music curricula in East Asia. The study explores the impact of the Vocal Image mobile application on musical self-esteem in East Asian youth. Encompassing 228 adolescents and young adults, it assesses the effectiveness of group activities within an interactive…

Chatbots are increasingly applied in various contexts including helping professions, such as organizational and life coaching. Coaching facilitates individual wellness, behavioral change, and goal attainment in a reflective, non-directive manner, and is considered one of the fastest-growing professions. The use of knowledge imparting service…

Smartphones working like a computer are much more than just classic mobile or cell phones used to communicate as they offer all the possibilities of computer and internet technology in our palms. By means of features they have and new applications developed every day, smartphones are used for a wide variety of purposes including but not limited to…

The present study investigated the type of influence teachers' technological knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, anxiety, age, and years of experience have on their time spent on the MS Teams platform. 171 high-school EFL teachers from the public sector in the city of El Jadida, Morocco, were given a questionnaire adapted from Heinssen…

Academics are both owners and users of copyrighted material. Complex, vague, and ever-changing copyright law creates problems related to copyright for academicians and students who want to access works and digital products. It is important to increase the awareness of these individuals in order to prevent these problems. In this study, it is aimed…

Many individuals with autism experience challenges using language in social contexts (i.e., pragmatic language). Characterizing and understanding pragmatic variability is important to inform intervention strategies and the etiology of communication challenges in autism; however, current manual coding-based methods are often time and labor…

The purpose of this quantitative non-experimental study was to evaluate the gender stereotyping in picture books from a classroom library collection that primary school students use for independent reading in the classroom. Using the Kindergarten, 1st and 2nd grade fiction books from the classroom library collection from Booksource, this research…

Researchers are combining self-reports from mobile surveys with passive data collection using sensors and apps on smartphones increasingly more often. While smartphones are commonly used in some groups of individuals, smartphone penetration is significantly lower in other groups. In addition, different operating systems (OSs) limit how mobile data…

The ability to bind, or link, different aspects of an experience in memory undergoes protracted development across childhood. Most studies of memory binding development have assessed extraobject binding between an object and some external element such as another object, whereas little work has examined the development of intraobject binding, such…

The link between teacher preparedness and the evolving technological advancement within teacher education is crucial in recent times. This study explores the current state of teacher readiness in Colleges of Education (CoE) in Ghana. It focused on integrating technology into the teacher preparation programmes by leveraging teachers' readiness and…

In recent years, growing technology has affected people's communication. Not only speaking and listening but also writing has an important role in communication. Particularly, devices have changed and applications have varied thanks to spreading mobile hardware. The aim of this study is to explore the usage status and preferences of students for…