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Liu, Ou Lydia; Lee, Hee-Sun; Linn, Marcia C. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2011
Science education needs valid, authentic, and efficient assessments. Many typical science assessments primarily measure recall of isolated information. This paper reports on the validation of assessments that measure knowledge integration ability among middle school and high school students. The assessments were administered to 18,729 students in…
Descriptors: Science Education, Item Response Theory, High School Students, Middle School Students