Provides selected examples to illustrate the impact of computers in science. Indicates that the most important single factor that has affected and will continue to affect the use of computers in science is the steady advance of technology, especially in the areas of logic and memory. (JN)

Describes a computer simulation of the evolution of species. This is a model for sorting out random and correlated paleontological events. (BB)

Described is the use of a general purpose hybrid computer in controlling and monitoring certain experiments on human subjects. In these investigations, researchers produce various sensory stimuli and measure participants' responses as voltage produced at a scalp node. The computer system discussed facilitates implementation of these experiments as…

Discusses the controversy surrounding the initial decision to establish, and the current decision to phase out, the National Resource for Computation in Chemistry (NRCC), a computational chemistry center jointly sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy. (CS)

Describes a National Science Foundation (NSF) initiative designed to broaden access to advanced computing facilities for university researchers not eligible to tap into federally subsidized networks. Rationale for and issues related to the initiative are also considered. (JN)

Discusses issues related to the access of and training of university researchers in using supercomputers, considering National Science Foundation's (NSF) role in this area, microcomputers on campuses, and the limited use of existing telecommunication networks. Includes examples of potential scientific projects (by subject area) utilizing…

Experimentalists in particle physics have long regarded computers as essential components of their apparatus. Theorists are now finding that significant advances in some areas can be accomplished only in partnership with a machine. Needs of experimentalists, interests of theorists, and specialized computers for high-energy experiments are…

Computer applications in scientific instrumentation are traced from early data processing to modern computer-based instruments. Probable pathways toward instruments with increased "intelligence" include, among others, implementation of hierarchical computer networks and microprocessor controllers and the simplification of programing. The…

Discusses the recent decision to close down the National Resource for Computation in Chemistry (NRCC), implications of that decision, and various alternatives in the field of computational chemistry. (CS)

Intelligent relationships with people are among the goals for tomorrow's computers. Knowledge-based systems used and being developed to achieve these goals are discussed. Automatic learning, producing inferences, parallelism, program languages, friendly machines, computer vision, and biomodels are among the topics considered. (JN)

Describes the deterministic simulation (a given input always leads to the same output) and probabilistic simulation (new states are subject to predefined laws of chance). Provides examples of the application of the two simulations with mathematical expressions and PASCAL program. Lists seven references. (YP)

This report describes the development of a design and a small working model for a system for teaching and assisting in the performance of bibliographic on-line searches through the use of an intermediary computer. The system in its present form is intended for direct users of scientific and technical information systems. However, it is felt that…

The 189 papers are organized by topic: simulation methodology, hybrid systems and methodology, simulation in the chemical and physical sciences, simulation in environmental sciences and biological systems, systems for managerial and social sciences, simulation credibility, energy, systems engineering, and government simulation facilities. Articles…