This quasi-experimental study aims to compare the effects of using combinations of written text, animation and narration in multimedia courseware. 114 sixth grade students assigned in three conditions were participated in the study. Three versions of the courseware with combinations of animation, text and narration were developed taking modality…

We previously proposed a hypothetical learning progression around the disciplinary core idea of the Solar System and its formation as a first step in a research program to begin to fill this gap and address questions of student learning in this domain. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of two dimensions within the learning progression,…

Productive failure has shown positive effects on conceptual and transfer measures, but no clear effects on procedural measures. It is therefore an open question whether, and to what extent, productive failure methods may be used to enhance the learning of procedural skills. A typical productive failure study focuses on a single, complex concept;…

Common divisor is one of the concepts that started to be learned in secondary school and forms the basis of many concepts. But students generally have difficulty in making sense of it. The purpose of this study is to investigate concept formation processes of common divisor through a case study on seven sixth grade students. To do this, we…

While existing studies have underscored the educational benefits of generating explanatory hypotheses (EHs) in response to unexpected outcomes, empirical research on the underlying mechanisms driving their effectiveness in science learning remains limited. Thus, this study aimed to empirically examine the effectiveness of generating an EH for…

The integer is a basic concept in studying arithmetic and algebra. However, students still frequently experience misconceptions, especially in negative integer, count operations. Traditional games are activities that are often carried out by students in coastal areas so that they are relevant to be used as a tool to construct learning trajectories…

While the learning benefits of retrieval activities have been clearly demonstrated in laboratory settings, evidence on their usefulness in naturalistic school settings is still scant. The goal of the present studies was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of retrieval-based learning in children (fourth and sixth grades) when school…

Despite significant research exploring students' quantitative reasoning, few studies have explored the semiotic processes that mediate its development. In this report, we present a case study to show how one student constructed a semiotic chain for a quantity as he worked with a mathematical task. Importantly, we connect frameworks for…

Design research was conducted to investigate the development of dynamic conceptions of area. Students used simple physical instruments, squeegees, and paint, to generate rectangular areas continuously as a sweeping motion of one length through another. Then, they dissected the resulting swept space into discrete units of measure by coordinating…

Students' conceptual understanding and mathematical process skills can be improved through digital games in mathematics education. The starting point of this study is the idea of having students encounters this kind of environment. The study didactically describes the process of 6th-grade students' experiences of a digital game-based learning…

Literature on school education suggests that teaching and learning science in basic level community schools in Nepal is largely theoretical. Consequently, achievement levels and the understanding of concepts of science is much below policy expectations. This paper builds on a shift from dogmatic lecturing to activity-based pedagogy using school…

Aim/Purpose: Although many computer science measures have been proposed, visualizing individual students' capabilities is difficult, as those measures often rely on specific tools and methods or are not graded. To solve these problems, we propose a rubric for measuring and visualizing the effects of learning computer programming for elementary…

Many studies have shown that visual representations can enhance student understanding of STEM concepts. However, prior research suggests that visual representations alone are not necessarily effective across a broad range of students. To address this problem, we created a novel, scaffolded form of diagrammatic self-explanation in which students…

Background: Helping upper elementary and lower secondary school students develop an awareness of various aspects of the nature of science (NOS) and nature of technology (NOT) is a widely recognized goal of science teaching. In this study, we focus on the connections between science and technology (S&T). Purpose: We report on the design,…

Multiplicative thinking is accepted as a "big idea" of mathematics that underpins important mathematical concepts such as fraction understanding, proportional reasoning, and algebraic thinking. It is characterised by understandings such as the multiplicative relationship between places in the number system, basic and extended number…