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| Addition | 4 |
| Concept Formation | 4 |
| Instruction | 4 |
| Elementary Education | 3 |
| Elementary School Mathematics | 3 |
| Subtraction | 3 |
| Integers | 2 |
| Multiplication | 2 |
| Algorithms | 1 |
| Computation | 1 |
| Division | 1 |
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Peer reviewedGrady, M. B. Tim – Arithmetic Teacher, 1978
A technique for adding and subtracting integers is presented as an alternative to the number line. White and black chips are used to represent positive and negative integers, respectively. (MP)
Descriptors: Addition, Concept Formation, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics
Peer reviewedSpitler, Gail – Arithmetic Teacher, 1979
Allowing students to examine different ways of performing an operation is suggested as a means of increasing their understanding. (MP)
Descriptors: Addition, Algorithms, Computation, Concept Formation
Peer reviewedThompson, Charles; Babcock, Judith – Arithmetic Teacher, 1978
This manipulative model using counters involves balancing the number of counters on either side of the equals sign. (MP)
Descriptors: Addition, Concept Formation, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics
Peer reviewedKohn, Judith B. – Mathematics Teacher, 1978
The use of two different colored beans or chips to represent positive and negative charges is discussed as a method of demonstrating operations with integers. (MP)
Descriptors: Addition, Concept Formation, Elementary Secondary Education, Instruction
