This collection of 58 articles from the recently-published third edition of the International Encyclopedia of Education focuses on learning, memory, attention, problem solving, concept formation, and language. Learning and cognition is the foundation of cognitive psychology and encompasses many topics including attention, memory, categorization,…

This study examined the relationship between convergent and divergent thinking and performance errors in reversal and nonreversal concept tasks. The results show: (1) a positive relationship between convergent performance and concept errors; and (2) an inverse relationship between divergent performance and concept errors. These correlational…

The effects and interactions of 3 variables on concept learning and retention were investigated: (1) method of stimulus presentation; (2) learning process; and (3) intellectual ability. One hundred and forty-four (144) 4th graders were divided into 4 groups, each of which was further subdivided into high, middle, and low intellectual ability…

THE LEARNING OF VERBALLY CONDITIONED MATERIAL WAS STUDIED TO CLARIFY SOME OF THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH SUCH LEARNING IS ACCOMPANIED BY THE USE OF HIGHER MENTAL PROCESSES, AND THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH IT IS NOT. THE STARTING POINT FOR THIS RESEARCH WAS THE PREMISE THAT LEARNING IN VERBAL CONDITIONING CAN OCCUR EITHER WITH OR WITHOUT AWARENESS ON…

Development of tests to measure learning proficiency and learning style is crucial to obtain an understanding of this phenomena. A major objective of curricula in the early years of schooling, especially for low socioeconomic status Negro children, should be to assist them in mastering elaborative learning skills. References. (Author/VW)

Lower class black and lower class white first-grade children learned an unorganized and an organized list of words to test Jensen's hypothesis of racial differences in mental abilities. Both groups of children performed significantly better on the organized list with comparable means for each list. Most of the predicted relationships were not…

Much recent cognitive and artificial intelligence research has focused on the development of "schema theory." This theory supposes the existence of knowledge and memory structures that encode prototypical descriptions of familiar concepts. Schema theory has developed in a scientific environment that stresses interdisciplinary approaches…

Fifty educable retarded children who were determined to be nonconservers by means of three conservation pretests (discontinuous quantity, correspondence, and continuous quantity) were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups (discontinuous quantity training, correspondence training, continuous quantity training, control, and control…

Utilizes questionnaires to examine Carugati and Mugny's assertion that social representations of intelligence are organized both by social identity and unfamiliarity. Discovers a consensus concerning representations of intelligence organized by social identity. Includes a copy of the questionnaire, breakdown of the responses, and other statistical…

A Piagetian preschool emphasizes the child's active construction of mental images rather than passive association of words and pictures with real objects. The role of the teacher is neither to dictate good behavior nor to transmit ready-made predigested knowledge. Her role is to help the child to control his own behavior and to find things out as…

Listed alphabetically by author are 996 references on experimentation and investigation in the area of creativity since 1954. Included are all articles which have appeared in Psychological Abstracts since 1954, unpublished doctoral dissertations, masters theses, papers, and reports. (AJ)

Third grade pupils from a suburban school district were subjects of a study which examined the effects of two social studies teaching strategies, demonstration deductive and directed discovery inductive, and two intelligence levels as they affected mastery, immediate retention, immediate transfer, delayed retention, and delayed transfer. Three…

This bibliography, made up of approximately 350 entries concerned with many aspects of problem solving and concept formation in young children, has been designed for use by people primarily involved in experimental research in these areas of child development. Entries include experimental journal articles, conference papers, unpublished research…