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Singh, Teghpal; McDannald, Michael A.; Takahashi, Yuji K.; Haney, Richard Z.; Cooch, Nisha K.; Lucantonio, Federica; Schoenbaum, Geoffrey – Learning & Memory, 2011
While knowing what to expect is important, it is equally important to know when to expect it and to respond accordingly. This is apparent even in simple Pavlovian training situations in which animals learn to respond more strongly closer to reward delivery. Here we report that the nucleus accumbens core, an area well-positioned to represent…
Descriptors: Rewards, Classical Conditioning, Behavior Modification, Operant Conditioning
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Fitzgerald, Hiram E.; Porges, Stephen W. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development, 1971
Summarizes research projects on infant behavior conducted during the 1960's and includes an extensive list of references. (AJ)
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Conditioning, Infant Behavior, Learning
Christ, Susann – 1974
This paper reviews several issues regarding one- versus two-factor theories of learning. First, the traditional distinctions between classical and operant conditioning are presented. This includes both theoretical and experimental contrasts. Second, empirical evidence in support for a one-factor theory is examined. Numerous research studies…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Cognitive Processes, Conditioning, Learning Theories