It is particularly important to identify and address issues of fairness and equity in educational contexts as academic performance can have large impacts on the types of opportunities that are made available to students. While it is always the hope that educators approach student assessment with these issues in mind, there are a number of factors…

The demand for privacy specialists is expected to increase, but there is a shortage of them to meet market demands. Certain ICT skills and competencies are required for professionals who develop, manage, and protect data that drive the digital world. The current study explores undergraduate students' attitude about different teaching strategies…

Use of force by police are gaining deserved attention and scrutiny. Citizens wonder if police use of force is always proportional and necessary. Even though police organizations routinely train officers on proper use of force, how can the public know if use of force policies and training procedures adequately address use of force? With this…

In this follow up study, 793 members of the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) were surveyed regarding their use of technology in day-to-day counseling activities in order to identify trends over time. The researchers also investigated counselors' beliefs and practices around technology, as well as the effects of factors such as…

This article is a revised version of the keynote presented at LAK '16 in Edinburgh. The article investigates some of the assumptions of learning analytics, notably those related to behaviourism. Building on the work of Ivan Pavlov, Herbert Simon, and James Gibson as ways of "learning as a machine," the article then develops two levels of…

Our goal for this paper discusses the main research ethical concerns that arise in internet research and reviews existing research ethical guidance in relation to its application for educating digital citizens. In recent years we have witnessed a revolution in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) that has transformed every field of…

Peer counselling empowerment entails specific considerations of the training process as peer counsellors. Specific issues related to such empowerment are discussed in light of the counselling profession. Subsequently, ethical considerations pertaining to peer counselling such as confidentiality, dual relationships, competency and vicarious…

This report describes a voluntary audit program implemented by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). The comprehensive audit program was developed to assure that all corporate programs adhere to the ETS Standards for Quality and Fairness. The standards address issues which relate to all ETS activities such as accountability, confidentiality of…

This report of research findings describes a confidentiality-preserving data collection method called the Context-Determined, Rule-Generated, Pseudonym (CDRGP) technique, a specifically constructed set of questions based upon personal information known to the respondent (but to few others) which each respondent answers whenever data are gathered;…

Privileged Communications refers to that information which belongs to the student, is shared with the counselor, and may be released only upon authorization by the student involved. This document seeks to identify states which have a stated communications privilege for school students and counselors. The report, which has complete information from…

Addressing the problem of protecting confidential information and data stored in computer databases from access by unauthorized parties, this paper details coding schemes which present such astronomical work factors to potential code breakers that security breaches are hopeless in any practical sense. Two procedures which can be used to encode for…

Information on issues related to professional competence, moral and legal standards, the use of professional codes of ethics and guidelines, a decision-making model, the power differential, and appropriate uses of supervision and peer support are provided for professionals who work with deaf and hard of hearing individuals. Most human services…

Two recent judicial and governmental developments appear to tip the scales in favor of the confidentiality of intelligence sources and methods at the expense of any "right of access" to government information. The implementation of the Reagan Administration's Executive Order governing the classification of national security information…

In the aftermath of the Watergate scandal, each profession is reviewing its ethical practices. This paper assists in this renewal by citing the code of ethical standards of APGA; reviewing the laws of the State of Nevada regarding privileged communications; and covering the legal aspects which relate to counseling situations. (Author)

Two ethical issues pertinent to applied research are discussed: consent and confidentiality. Informed consent is described as a hallmark of ethical research, whether in the laboratory or the applied setting. The researcher's role is to provide information that any researcher in the same situation would want to know in order to weigh the risks and…