When Americans from the eastern part of the United States began moving west in large numbers in the mid-nineteenth century, tensions escalated and conflicts erupted between and among settlers, railroad workers, ranchers, the United States military, and numerous Native American tribes. Incorporating balanced consideration of these diverse and…

Examines the salient arguments posited by the pro-BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) and pro-RTE (Radio Telefis Eireann) sides during Ireland's second television channel debate and ultimate decision. (Author/GT)

The history of the National Consortium on Testing is discussed, including its founding, goals, initial emphasis, and some of the problems encountered by the group. Participation by the American Educational Research Association (AERA) is also discussed. (MH)

Describes conflicts between Joseph Pulitzer and Charles H. Jones, the Pulitzer-appointed editor of the St. Louis "Post-Dispatch," in the years between 1895 and 1897. (GT)

Provides background on the Iran-Iraq conflict and suggests readings dating from 1980 to 1988 in both English and Arabic which are classified under seven broad categories: the roots of the conflict; Iran-United States relations; the American hostage crisis; the Iran-Contra affair; periodicals and indexes; online databases; and bibliographies. (105…

A prolific and popular writer, James Welch has captured the attention of both Native and non-Native readers since his first publication of poems, "Riding the Earthboy," in 1971. One of Welch's stories, "Fools Crow," was of particular interest to this author as an academic researching Native Americans and health. "Fools…

Many researchers believe that professional development derives from power struggles. This case study shows that the professionalization of nineteenth-century secular French primary school teachers was generated by the interplay between teachers and other participants--particularly the Catholic church, families, and the state--in the funding and…

Early campaigns for pan-Indian unity were led by Ottawa warrior Pontiac and Delaware prophet Neolin (1760-65), and by Shawnee warrior Tecumseh and prophet Tenskwatawa (1805-13). Contrary to earlier interpretations, these leaders did not represent secular/sacred dichotomies in the movements but were all considered holy warriors. (SV)

Analyzes previous interpretations concerning the French Revolution. Discusses several weaknesses of the Marxist views in light of recent philosophical and sociological thinking about social change. (RKM)

Presents an analysis of the organizational culture at Olivet College in Michigan. Discusses the legacy, roots, and history of the institution; the recent organizational history; and the changing nature of the organization at the time of a racial conflict in the spring of 1992 that gained both state and national attention. (SR)

Discusses cultural disintegration and religious, political, and social disputes in light of Columbus' quincentenary. Cites historical encounters between Europeans and native populations of the United States (inability to recognize the human nature of strangers, misunderstanding sexual mores, and rapid degeneration from friendship and simple…

The organizational development of the Ontario Federation of School Athletic Associations (OFSAA) is given for the period from 1948 to 1975. Based on a theory of organization developed by Daniel Katz and Robert Kahn, the Federation's progress is charted through the primary, stable, and elaborate stages of development. Questions concerning conflict…

Jamaica experienced organized violence from 1976 to 1980, when general elections were held. Describes field work carried out in ghettos and shanty towns which mapped the rigid geographical polarization of Jamaica and its effects on employment, education, and migration. The geographic framework for a resumption of hostilities remains. (CS)

Points to the growing public tolerance for what was formerly seen as obscene, vulgar, or in poor taste in the campus and the commercial press. Describes specific incidents in which elements included in newspapers have aroused controversy. (GT)

Boston has a history of racial, religious, and ethnic discrimination, despite its role in abolition and political revolution. Since the seventeeth century, various immigrant groups have vied for political and economic power. Present-day racist violence between Blacks and Whites is simply the latest of a series of conflicts. (GC)