Self-referential information can reduce the congruency effect by acting as a signal to enhance cognitive control. However, it cannot be denied that self-referential information can attract and hold attention. To investigate this issue, the study used a revised Stroop task and recorded behavioral and electrophysiological data from thirty-three…

Art teachers straddle two identities those of a teacher and those of an artist. While these two identities may complement each other it is clear that, particularly for elementary art teachers, they are often in conflict. As art teachers look towards balancing this dichotomy, they must discover what is necessary to equalise and maintain both their…

Conflicts are inevitable in interpersonal relationships. In fact, they are usual in early childhood education centers and, thus, many educators consider them readily available educational tools, particularly valuable for children's social development if they are constructively managed. In this research, we investigate the educational management of…

Examining the disputes that arise between parents, teachers, and students is the goal of this study. The study, which was carried out at the primary school level, where parent-child interaction is high, employed the critical incident analysis method. The typical sampling method was used to select participants for the study, and school principals…

Recent studies have highlighted the major challenges faced by managers in the higher education sector and shown the contradictory demands which foster paradoxical tensions. Previous works have also underlined some specific tensions and rigidities that business school deans regularly face in their role. Yet, few studies have empirically explored…

What do children do when they do not want to obey but cannot afford to disobey? Might they, like adults, feign misunderstanding and seek out loopholes? Across four studies (N = 723; 44% female; USA; majority White; data collected 2020-2023), we find that loophole behavior emerges around ages 5 to 6 (Study 1, 3-18 years), that children think…

While research on children's humour is growing, few investigations have focused on how children use humour in conflict interactions, and specifically in group early childhood settings. Using data extracts from a project that investigated children's naturally occurring conflict interactions in a multi-ethnic early childhood setting, we use…

The phenomenon of conflict is considered as one of the most essential phenomena of human beings and is a part of their existence. Conflicts are social phenomena that have existed throughout the history of human society against the will of the people. Their existence in social life has transformed them into universal and objective phenomena that…

Due to a combination of historical, socioeconomic, political and environmental factors, Ethiopia is unfortunately prone to internal conflicts, such as the one which re-erupted in April 2018 between the Gedeo and Guji ethnic groups in southern Ethiopia. One of the effects of this conflict was that education was severely disrupted in the Gedeo and…

The relevance of our study is related to the need to help adolescents effectively cope with the challenges of modern society, which is characterised by increased tension, aggressiveness and conflict. The lack of social skills and demonstration of violent ways of overcoming contradictions by adults leads to an increase in conflicts among…

Purpose: Productive friction (Ward "et al.," 2011) can exist as pracademics cross between boundaries of their different identities. Through an exploration of the self-perception of two collaborating pracademics, this paper will consider that organisational and occupational (Evetts, 2009) elements exist that generate professional friction…

Student governments are important actors in higher education governance and also in more general political processes, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the research on student governments has thus far focused on the relations with higher education authorities and political parties, often without investigating their internal dynamics,…

This article reports on students' accounts of te Tiriti o Waitangi as a flawed agreement that was a cause of subsequent conflict. We examine how the notion of a "flawed treaty" is developed in history and educational texts. We argue that when the cause of conflict is attributed to the failures of those engaged in the historical…

Children's social preferences are influenced by the relative status of other individuals, but also by their social identity and the degree to which those individuals are like them. Previous studies have investigated these aspects separately and showed that in some circumstances children prefer high-status individuals and own-gender individuals.…

We investigated the role of distinct inhibitory processes as 4- to 6-year-olds from the Northeastern United States (N = 48, M[subscript age] = 68.27 months, 22 boys, 26 girls; 63% White, 6% Black, 4% Asian, 2% Hispanic, 8% more than one race, with 17% not reporting) and adults evaluated accurate or deceptive information from human or non-human…