Algebra as a study of quantitative relationship is one of four conceptions of school algebra which serves as a foundation for the concept of function. However, there is still a lack of attention to this particular relationship, especially in early algebraic reasoning. This study aims to investigate how the aspect of quantitative relationship in…

Critical thinking when engaged in science problem solving around even simple tasks such as the Piagetian volume conservation task is a complex endeavor. Tasks such as the conservation task often require the interaction of multiple cognitive systems. Parity judgment, retrieval, and lateral thinking are three examples of such systems interacting…

The first idea that must be understood by the students to learn the concept of concept of conservation of area is recomposing shape. In recomposing shape, the students will see the fact that the shape can be transformed into a different form without adding or losing the part of the shape. So the students could conclude that the area of the shape…

The aim of this paper is to highlight and discuss advantages and constraints of different methods applied within the field of children's thinking studies, through the test of the repeated question hypothesis validity, using the conservation of liquid task. In our perspective, the Piagetian interview is an ecologically valid context for…

"For seven to nine year old children, it is easier to conserve weight on plasticine rather than on a rubber band or on alcohol in a thermometer . . . Boys perform significantly better than girls." (Author/AL)

Conservation of liquid was measured on a zero-to-six scale and correlated with scores on a standardized reading test for a sample of seven year old children. Observed correlations were not significant and tend to confirm most previous research in the area. (Author/JKS)

Two experiments investigated which of two factors is responsible for decalage between Piaget's equivalence and identity conservation tasks. Performance of 78 primary school students between 57 and 79 months of age was compared on equivalence and identity tasks and a third task, equivalence I, which retains transitivity requirement of Piaget's task…

First graders, pretested on conservation tasks, were assigned to groups consisting of one conserver and one nonconserver. Groups then had to give a joint response. Nonconservers yielded more often to conservers. Subsequent tests indicated nonconservers improved on the tasks. (ST)

Tests Piaget's assertion that the anticipation of conservation among otherwise nonconserving children is a pseudoconservation since it is limited to those lacking knowledge of covariation. Number, area, and length conservation tasks and a covariation task were given to 96 children from kindergarten through the fifth grade. (Author/SS)

Children with mild learning difficulties (MLD) who had not developed conservation of number, length, weight, and volume worked on conservation problems. MLD children who worked on the problems with another child who challenged their nonconserving responses made more progress on the problems than did MLD children who worked on the problems in…

Significant gains in conservation of number, amount, mass and weight were made by 53 previously nonconserving first graders who either simply observed conservers' performance on mass and weight problems or argued with conservers about these problems. (Author/CW)

Variations of the screening method developed by Piaget and Frank made it possible to systematically vary the number and type of perceptual cues in the conservation of liquid quantity task. Results of testing 192 kindergarten and first graders suggest that the development of conservation involves several levels, beginning with a concept which can…

Sixty kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade children were required to construct numerically equivalent collections and to determine asymmetric-transitive relations among nonequivalent collections, using two strategies of cardinal number: correspondence and counting. A novel "collinear correspondence" task was also introduced and compared…

Tests designed to measure conservation, visual memory, and static and anticipatory imagery were administered to 1st and 2nd grade children. Conservation and memory correlated significantly with IQ. The different mental processes may be involved in the development of anticipatory imagery and conservation. (CS)