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Download full textStansfield, Charles W.; Ross, Jacqueline – 1988
An overview of the research needed on the new Test of Written English (TWE), a section of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), looks at research needs in the areas of test validity, test reliability, topic development, and equating. Suggested topics for study include: the uniqueness of the construct measured by the test, in…
Descriptors: Construct Validity, English (Second Language), Essays, Language Tests
Henning, Grant; Cascallar, Eduardo – 1992
Although programs for teaching and testing of English as a second language (ESL) are often evaluated for their attention to communicative competence, there is no consensus on the nature of the communicative competence construct(s) and little empirical support for the various explanatory models. The theoretical literature related to communicative…
Descriptors: Adult Students, Communicative Competence (Languages), Construct Validity, Definitions
